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Definition
| Evolution of Human Species, History of Cultural Group, Ontogeny of Individual |
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| Individual inherits genes from evolution and practices from culture |
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| Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny: early development is similar to evolution of species |
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| Openness of development to change and intervention |
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| Constant Issues of Developmental Psychology |
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Definition
| Sources of Development, Plasticity, Continuity, Individual Differences |
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Definition
| Geese followed man who they thought was their mother, have limited "critical period" to learn to be a goose |
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Definition
| Sensitive period rather than critical period, because of foreign language learning |
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| Continuity vs. Discontinuity |
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Definition
| Gradual change like growth of starfish or sudden change like caterpillar to butterfly |
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| Characteristics of Developmental Stages |
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Definition
| Qualitative, Simultaneous, Rapid |
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Definition
| Questions are tailored to the individual |
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| Childhood is a Modern Invention |
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Definition
| Aries - Yes, Cunningham - No |
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Definition
| More schooling, less deaths and births |
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Definition
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Definition
| Observed development in his own children |
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| "Let children learn from nature, not adults" |
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Term
| Grand Developmental Theories |
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Definition
| Psychodynamic, Social Learning, Piaget's Constructivist, Vygotsky's Sociocultural |
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Term
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Definition
| Freud and Erikson; isolate universal processes through case studies |
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Definition
| Id, Ego, and Super Ego; Stages of Psychosexual Development |
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Term
| First Year of Psychosexuality |
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Definition
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| Second Year of Psychosexuality |
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Definition
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Term
| Third to Sixth Year of Psychosexuality |
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Definition
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Term
| Seventh Year to Puberty of Psychosexuality |
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Definition
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| Adolescence of Psychosexuality |
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Definition
| Development continues throughout lifespan with conflict resolution as motor of growth |
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Term
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Definition
| Watson, Skinner, and Bandura; behavior reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| Development is product of learning alone |
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Definition
| Development is like shaping a sculpture |
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Definition
| Children learn by observing and imitating |
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Term
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Definition
| Assimilation and Accomadation of Schemas |
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Term
| Constructivist Stages, 0-2 |
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Definition
| Sensorimotor; Sensory perceptions and simple motor behaviors |
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Term
| Constructivist Stages, 2-6 |
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Definition
| Preoperational; Symbolism, but lack of perspective |
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Term
| Constructivist Stages, 6-12 |
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Definition
| Concrete Operational; Capable of logical mental operations |
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Term
| Constructivist Stages, 12-19 |
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Definition
| Formal Observational; Abstract thoughts |
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Definition
| Culture shapes development |
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Definition
| Zone of Proximal Development; Between what is known and what is not known, skills requiring guidance and encouragement |
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Term
| Material vs. Symbolic Tools |
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Definition
| Material - Behavior, Symbolic - Beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Cumulative Cultural Evolution |
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Term
| Processes of Social Learning |
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Definition
| Mimicry, Emulation, Imitation, Teaching |
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Definition
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Definition
| Reproduction of End Results |
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Definition
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Definition
| Trait's path is defined, regardless of environment |
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Definition
| Phenotype is opened to influence, rather than determineed by genotype |
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Definition
| Environment is shaped through behavior |
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Definition
| First 10 days; zygote splits, attaches to wall of uterus |
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Definition
| Different parts of organism develop at different times |
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| Various levels of development of parts at a given time |
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| Cells that can grow into an embryo |
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| Until 8th week; organs take shape and organism can respond |
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Definition
| Thin, tough membrane that cushions mother's locomotion and provides support |
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Definition
| Membrane that will become placenta |
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| Until birth; skeleton hardens and organs mature |
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Definition
| Environmental sources of birth defects |
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Term
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Definition
| Bones in skull fuse together |
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Term
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Definition
| Weigh less, but have better immunity and are less likely to be obese or cancerous |
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Term
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Definition
| Visual cortex and language areas are prepared for the universe |
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Term
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Definition
| Neural connections change based on environment |
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