Behavior that is recognized as violating rules and norms.

• Deviance is soically constructed because not all behaviors are judged similarly by all groups; what is deviant to one group may be normative (not deviant) to another. Established rules and norms are socially created, not just morally decided or individually imposed.

(Durkheim)

Attributes deviant behavior to a "sick" state of mind, where solution is to "cure" the deviant through therapy or other psychological treatment.

The sequence of movements people make through a particular subculture of deviance.

• direct outgrowth of the labeling process 
• Progression through deviance

When there is excessive regulations of individuals by social forces.

ex. commits suicide for sake of religious or political cause.

When people feel totally detached from society

ex. elderly

(Durkheim)

The condition that exists when social regulations in a society break down.

Groups that are organized around particular forms of social deviance.

• Maintain their own values, norms, and rewards for deviant behavior.

(Sutherland)

Symbolic interaction theory

Interprets deviance, including criminal behavior, as behavior one learns through interaction with others.

Emphasizes the interaction people have with other peers and other in their environment.

The greater the frequency, duration, and intensity of their immersion in deviant environments, the more likely it is that they will become deviant.

Wrongdoing of wealthy and powerful individuals and organizations.

• includes white colar crime

Symbolic Interaction Theory

Interprets the response of other as the most significant factor in understanding how deivant behavior is both created and sustained.

Those who regulate and administer the response to deviance.

ex. police and mental health workers

Functionalist Theory

Suggests that deivance occurs when a person's (or group's) attachment to social bonds is weakend.

(Mertons)

Traces the origins of deviance to the tensions caused by the gap between cultual goals and the means people have available to acheive those goals.

• Rebellion- creates new goals
• Retreatism- don't accept goals or means
• Rituralism-goals don't matter still accept means
• Innovation- goals matter but don't accept means

 An attribute that is socially devalued and discredited.

A characteristic of a person that overrides all other features of the person's identity.

The FBI's uniform Crime Reports which include the violent crimes of murder, manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault, plus property crimes of burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft.

Violent or nonviolent crimes directed against people. 

• Murder, aggravated assualt, forcible rape, and robbery.

(white-collar criminal Bernard Madoff)

A con game wherby a centreal person collects money from alarge number of people, including friends and relatives, and then promises to invest their dollars with a high rate interest for them.

Involve theft of property without threat of bodily harm. 

• includes: burglary, larceny, auto theft, and arson.

Violate laws but are ot listed in the FBI's serious crime index. 

• Include illicit activities, such as gambling, illegal drug use, and prostitution, in which there is no complainant.

Functionalist perspective on deviance.

Noted that societies are characterized by both culture and social structure.

• Developed Structual Strain Theory