Term
| "clean your plate" policy |
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Definition
| "Eat dinner and you can have desert"; can lead to overweight child |
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| When children insist on certain routines and foods; they may wish for food to be arranged a certain way on their plate. |
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| Process that gives axons a fatty coating which speeds up the transmission of nerve pulses. |
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| A phenomenon that occurs due to the corpus calossum, which divides the brain; right side of brain controls actions performed with left side of body and vice versa. |
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| Tendency of children to stick to one action, such as watching their favorite Care Bears video over and over. |
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Definition
| Includes: Amygdala (controls emotion, especially fear & anxiety), hippocampus (controls memory, especially the memory of locations), and hypothalamus (responds to the amygdala and hippocampus, produces hormones) |
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| Skills performed with the entire body, such as riding a bike. |
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| Skills performed with hands and fingers; requires fine movements, includes actions such as pouring a glass of juice. |
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| Aims to predict and prevent possible injury; includes implementing safety helmets, safety seats for children in cars, etc. |
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| Changes conditions of surroundings in order to make a safer environment (placing warning signs on the side of the road) |
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Definition
| Prevents harm in high-risk situations (applying the brakes in a car when someone is crossing the road in front of you) |
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| Occurs after injury; prevents further damage to the person injured (ambulance arriving at the scene to attend to a person hit by a car) |
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| Intentional harm to anyone under 18. |
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| Deliberate physical, emotional, or sexual damage to a child. |
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Definition
| Failure to meet a child's physical, educational, or emotional needs. |
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Definition
| 2nd Piaget stage of children ages 2-6; says that a child cannot logically reason, but is not limited to sensorimotor skills either. |
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Definition
| Focusing on one aspect of a situation; for example, a child may insist that a lion is not a cat, because he or she is familiar with the concept of a housecat. |
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| The phenomenon where children exclude thoughts of other attributes which are not outwardly apparent; for example, a girl who gets her hair cut short may believe she is a boy. |
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Definition
| When children believe that the world is unchanging; a boy may insist that the television showing his favorite program is turned off when he goes the bathroom, expecting the program to resume where it left off when he returns, having not missed anything. |
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| When children think nothing can be undone; when a piece of lettuce is put on their burger, it is no longer "just right", and therefore never can be again. |
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| The belief that natural objects are alive and that magical phenomena occur regularly. |
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Definition
| Temporary help in which an adult helps a child accomplish certain tasks; they may help guide their hands when mixing cake batter, or point to certain places on the page when reading a picture book to help the child learn to read. |
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Definition
| When children build theories to explain the world around them; for example, they may believe that breasts exist solely to feed babies. |
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| A person's theory of what someone else is thinking. This requires a realization that other people's thoughts are different from their own, which rarely occurs in children before age 4. |
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| The process of children learning new words by hearing a word and placing it into a category according to the word's perceived meaning, whether they know the definition of the word or not. |
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| When children use a learned word to describe other objects in the same category; they may call a spotted cow a "dalmation cow". |
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Definition
| Applying regular rules in unnecessary situations, assuming that the rules are unchanging; this can include adding an "s" to words such as "foots" and "mouses" to make them plural. |
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Definition
| Inspired by Piaget, these schools stress children's development and growth, and emphasize a child's needs; encourage artistic expression. |
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Term
| Teacher-Directed Programs |
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Definition
| Stress academics and schedules; prepares children for kindergarten / grade school. |
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| Preschool programs that are designed for low-income families in an attempt to make children of low-income families intellectually equal with all other children. |
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Definition
| The ability of a child to control emotions and not lash out and react irrationally to situations that upset them. |
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Definition
| Erikson's stage where children try new things and may either feel successful for accomplishing them or ashamed for messing up. |
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| Doing something to please yourself; young children find this when playing alone, building a castle of blocks. |
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| Doing something to gain some sort of external reward. |
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Definition
| Literally means "disease of the mind". |
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Definition
| Children play alone, away from each other. |
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Definition
| Children will play fight, but purely for entertainment; they have fun and never intentionally hurt one another. |
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Definition
| Children acting out certain scenarios related to their culture or something they've witnessed in media. |
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| Parents set strict rules and guidelines for their children and pay no regard to child input or opinions. |
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Definition
| The parents believe that they should not be responsible for shaping their children's lives, and are very warm and supportive. |
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Definition
| Parents set rules and guildelines, but also accept input from their children, listen to their opinions, and pay attention to what they want. |
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Definition
| Feeling sorry with someone (in that you actually feel their pain alone with them, not just feeling sorry FOR them) |
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Definition
| Feeling hate towards someone |
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Definition
| Behavior that benefits someone else with no perceived personal gain. |
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Definition
| Behavior that solely emphasizes personal gain. |
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Definition
| Doing something to damage someone's reputation |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ is biological; ______ is cultural. |
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Definition
| A logical process where things are organized into groups; for example, family includes siblings, parents, etc. This occurs in Piaget's concrete operational thought stage. |
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Definition
| The ability to determine an unspoken link between one fact and another; for example, the John>Jim>David problem. This is related to the Hippocampus. |
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Definition
| Knowledge that things can be arranged in a logical series; for example, learning the alphabet. |
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Definition
| The stage of memory where incoming stimulus is stored for a split second to allow it to be processed; if the brain determines the sensation to be important enough, it will become a perception. |
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Definition
| Also known as short-term memory; the component of memory where current conscious mental activity occurs; the memory that is stored for the here and now. |
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Definition
| Limitless amounts of memory which can be stored indefinitely |
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Definition
| Practical use of language; language can be adjusted to fit context (for example, you would not talk to your boss the same way you talk to your best friend) |
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Definition
| Erikson's Fourth stage, where children attempt to master skills and are proud for succeeding or embarrassed for failing. |
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Definition
| Comparing one's attributes to those of other people |
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| Ability to deliberately modify emotions and actions; reduced by high self-esteem. |
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Definition
| Capacity to adapt well to SIGNIFICANT adversity and overcome stress. |
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Definition
| An environment where two people share the same experience; for example, two sisters living in the same house. |
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Definition
| One's personal, non-shared experiences; for example, a girl in grade school and her sister in high school would have two completely different experiences. |
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Definition
| The way a family works to meet the needs of its members. |
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Definition
| Two parents and any children under 18. |
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Definition
| One parent and any children under 18. |
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Definition
| Parents, children, and other family members such as grandparents, aunts and uncles living under the same roof. |
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Definition
| When families decide whether to do something and ask "would this increase stress for the family?" |
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Definition
| A "hidden curriculum" of sorts passed from older to younger children, which can include games, superstitions, and songs / rhymes. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a child is rejected due to antagonistic behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a child is rejected due to behaving too withdrawn / timid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes Physical, verbal, and relational abuse from one child to another; is REPEATED. |
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Term
| Preconventional Stage (Kohlberg) |
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Definition
| Emphasizes reward / punishment. |
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Term
| Conventional Stage (Kohlberg) |
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Definition
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Term
| Postconvential Stage (Kohlberg) |
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Definition
| Emphasizes moral principles |
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Term
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Definition
| A place for children to play that is flexible; games and rules can be adjusted. |
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Term
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Definition
| A place for children to be instructed in physical activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| A place for organized play, but some children may be left out for not being "good enough". |
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Term
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Definition
| A child who has a BMI above the 95th percentile. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others; improves at around age 7. Allows children to listen, take notes, and ignore distractions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process in which repetition of a sequence of thoughts and actions makes the sequence routine, so that it no longer requires conscious thought. |
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Term
| Principles of Developmental Psychology |
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Definition
This includes:
1. Abnormality is normal
2. Disability changes year by year
3. Life may be better or worse in adulthood
4. Diagnosis and treatment reflect the social context. |
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Term
| Attention-Deficit Disorder |
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Definition
| Disorder where a child has difficulty paying attention. |
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Term
| Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
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Definition
| A condition in which a person has not only difficulty concentrating, but also is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive. |
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Term
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Definition
| A marked delay in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, by mental retardation, or by an unusually stressful home environment (dyslexia is the most common example of this) |
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Term
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Definition
| A developmental disorder marked by an inability to relate to other people normally, extreme self-absorption, and an inability to acquire normal speech. |
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Term
| Autism Spectrum Disorders |
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Definition
| Any of several disorders characterized by inadequate social skills, impaired communication, and unusual play. |
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Term
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Definition
| Technically "high-functioning autism" |
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Term
| Least Restrictive Environment |
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Definition
| A legal requirement that children with special needs be assigned to the most general educational context in which they can be expected to learn. |
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Term
| Individual Education Plan |
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Definition
| A document that specifies educational goals and plans for a child with special needs. |
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