Term
| What three things happen during brain development in utero and across the first year? |
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Definition
1. Nervous system grows in size and complexity.
2. The brain has a growth spurt of neural growth.
3. The frontal cortex has a growth spurt between 7 and 9 months. |
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Term
| During what time period does object permanence and separation anxiety develop? |
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Definition
| During 7 and 9 months of age, as the frontal cortex is developing. |
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Term
| At what time do babies first show signs of inhibiting impulses? |
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Definition
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Term
| No formal discipline is recommended until what age? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the most complex system and least complex system located in the brain? |
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Definition
Most- cortex (on top)
Least- brainstem (on bottom) |
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Term
| What part of the brain mediates thinking? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the brain mediates states of arousal? |
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Definition
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Term
| When parents develop soothing strategies, which part of the brain are they attempting to effect? |
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Definition
| The midbrain and brainstem. |
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Term
| What allows for the storage of information? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of each type of memory: cognitive, motor, affective. |
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Definition
Cognitive: names, phone numbers.
Motor: typing, riding a bike.
Affective: nostalgia. |
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Term
| Information "stored" in any given situation depends on the state of arousal or ____ ____ which are activated. |
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Definition
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Term
| The idea that there are windows for organizing systems that are most sensitive to environmental input including traumatic experience is an example of the concept of: |
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Definition
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Term
| The critical periods are _____ for different functions (such as regulation of anxiety, mood, abstract thought). |
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Definition
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Term
| "Changes" in neurons allow for what? |
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Definition
| The storage of information. |
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Term
| What are the four types of memory that neuron changes are the basis for? |
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Definition
1- motor
2- sensory
3- cognitive
4- affective. |
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Term
| THe information "stored" in any given situation depends upon the state of |
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Definition
| arousal (i.e. the neural systems which are activated). |
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Term
| Name the 8 major periods of development |
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Definition
1- Prenatal
2- Infancy/Toddlerhood
3- Early childhood
4- Middle childhood
5- Adolescence
6- Early Adulthood
7- Middle Adulthood
8- Late Adulthood |
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Term
| What 4 questions are central to the contemporary study of development? |
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Definition
1- Is development continuous or discontinuous?
2- WHat are the sources of development?
3- To what extend and under what conditions is it possible to change the "normal" course of development?
4- How does a person develop stable, individual characteristics over time? |
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Term
| Describe the three aspects of the prenatal period |
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Definition
1. Involves conception to birth.
2. From one-celled organism to viable human being.
3. Formation of all major organs, bones, skin, and brain. |
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Term
| Describe the 3 aspects of infancy/toddlerhood. |
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Definition
1. Birth - 2 years.
2. Emergence of motor, perceptual, and intellectual skills.
3. Relational capacities advanced. |
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Term
| Describe the 5 aspets of early childhood. |
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Definition
1. 2-6 years
2. Hallmark is fantastical thinking and the inability to understand cause and effect.
3. Motor skills, language, and cognition advance through play.
4. Beginnings of moral thought.
5. Relational focus extends beyond family to peers. |
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Term
| Describe 6 aspects of middle childhood |
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Definition
1- 6-11 years
2- The school years are marked by literacy skills and advances in athletic abilities.
3- Though process becomes logical.
4- sense of self is defined
5- emptiness of friendships
6- Morality deepends and generalizes. |
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