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Developmental Psych
Ch 5-Infancy
30
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
10/07/2008

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Cards

Term
sensation
Definition
basic proscessing of sensory input
Term
perception
Definition
process of organizing and interpreting sensory information
Term
preferential-looking technique
Definition
a method for determining visual preference in infants
Term
visual acuity
Definition
sharpness of vision
Term
contrast sensitivity
Definition
the ability to detect differences in light and dark areas in patterns
Term
fovea
Definition
central region of the retina
Term
pereptual constancy
Definition
the perception of objects remaining constant even though the physical image in the retina changes
Term
object segregation
Definition
identifying objects
Term
optical expansion
Definition
the idea that an object occludes more and more of the visual field as it comes closer and closer
Term
binocular disparity
Definition
the difference between the retinal image of an object in each eye that causes a disparity
Term
stereopsis
Definition
the process of combining the differing visual signals from each retina into one perception of depth
Term
monocular or pictorial cues
Definition
the cues of depth that can be picked up on with one eye alone (relative size)
Term
auditory localization
Definition
perception of the location in space of a sound source
Term
intermodal perception
Definition
combining info from one or more sensory systems
Term
prereaching movements
Definition
clumsy swiping at objects in the general vicinity
Term
self-locomotion
Definition
moving around the environment on their own
Term
scale error
Definition
an error made by a child in an effort to perform an action on a much too small object
Term
differentiation
Definition
the ability to discriminate between stable and instable components of the environment
Term
affordances
Definition
the possibilities for action offered by objects and situations
Term
classical conditioning
Definition
a form of learning that involves a learned stimulus eliciting a reflexive response
Term
unconditioned stimulus
Definition
stim that reliably elicits a reflex unlearned response
Term
unconditioned response
Definition
the reflex displayed when the uncond stim is present
Term
conditioned stimulus
Definition
stim that repeatedly occurs just before the uncond stim
Term
conditioned response
Definition
a reflex that comes to occur just after the cond stim
Term
instrumental/operant conditioning
Definition
learning that involves the relationship between the behavior and the consequences
Term
positive reinforcement
Definition
the addition of a pleasant stimulus that follows a behav in order to increase its likelihood
Term
negative reinforcement
Definition
the removal of an aversive stimulus to increase behav
Term
positive punishment
Definition
the addition of an aversive stimulus to decrease behav
Term
negative punishment
Definition
the removal of a pleasant stimulus to decrease behav
Term
violation-of-expectancy
Definition
the phenomenon of infants expressing surprise at a physically impossible event
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