Term
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Definition
9th division
13 synchronous cleavage cycles
•Nuclei divide within a common cytoplasm
•Nuclei reach the cortex at the tenth division
•At this point each nucleus has their own Energid
•Mitotic apparatus + Nucleus = Energid
cellular bastoderm follows-
Cellular Blastoderm can be inhibited by nocodazole and colchicine |
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Term
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Definition
-takes 8 days and 14 stages to develop to a mature ovum
-mRNAS are transcribed in nurse cells and transported by MTs into the oocyte |
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Term
| drosophilia fertilization |
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Definition
| only one sperm can enter the micropyle |
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Term
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Definition
prevents polyspermy
no orticle granules present
axis formation already happens by the time the sperm enters the egg |
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Term
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Definition
– Large amount of yolk
– Cells do not form until after several rounds of karyokinesis (nuclear division)
– Karyokinesis without cytokinesis
– Cell cycle is biphasic
– Cleavage forms a syncytium—256 nuclei with synchronous mitoses
– During the ninth divison—five nuclei at the posterior end become pole cells (gametes)
– Tenth cycle—nuclei migrate to the cortex of embryo and continues cleavage forming a syncythial blastoderm |
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Term
| ration of chromatin to cytoplasm |
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Definition
| DNA keeps increasing in a constant supply of cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
RNA binding protein(increase during cleaveage)
-targets maternal RNA for degradtion
-mutations of smaug protein, disrupts normal time of muclear division and prevents celluization |
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Term
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Definition
| beginning of cellularization |
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Term
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Definition
| required for G-stages in cell cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| aminiserosa==> dorsal ectoderm==>lateral ==>ectoderm==>nuerogenic ectoderm==>mesoderm |
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Term
| Cell Movements in Gastrulation |
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Definition
•Ventral furrow forms by ingression of cells
expressing Dorsal protein followed by
invagination of mesoderm
•Endoderm invaginates—forms two pockets at
the anterior and posterior ends of the VF
•Germ band extends by convergent extension
•Ingression of other ventral cells will form
neurons and part of nervous system
• Organogenesis, segmentation, imaginal disc
segregation when germ band extended
• Gastrulation movements occur ~20 minutes |
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Term
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Definition
•Ventral midline invaginates
forming the ventral furrow—
eventually forms ventral
tube
•Ectodermal cells on the
surface and mesoderm—
undergo convergent
extension and forms germ
band and closes-off ventral
furrow
•Germ band forms the
trunk
•Pole cells at dorsalposteior end
•Segmentation begins
•Head and Mouth
•Thorax
•Abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
Technique that Determines
the Function of a Particular Gene
caused by x-ray to break DNA or by chemicals (EMS) which causes point mutations |
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Term
| sepcifications of A-P axis |
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Definition
| during oogenesis and before fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted protein for axis specification |
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Term
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Definition
gurken specific receptor
the binding causes the differentiation of terminal follicle cells to posterior follicle cells (posteriorization) -moves follicle cells to the posterior position |
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Term
| PFC(posterior follicle cells) |
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Definition
| intiate protein kinase A which leads to MT's polymerization between oocyte and nurse cells |
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Term
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Definition
binds to dyesin(+) end and translocated to anterior of egg
graded anterior morphogen
– represses caudal; up regulates
hunchback
– mRNA localization depends on
Staufen, Exuperantia, Dynein
– mutants lack head and thorax |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to kinesin and moves to the posterior end to join with nanos |
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Term
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Definition
| nudel+pipe bind. the formed protein becomes Gd==>Snake==>==>easter==>spatzle==>toll(on the nucleus membrane)==>pelle tube==>binds to dorsal cactus==>they serperate and dorsal goes into the nuclus of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
posterior morphogen
– represses hunchback
– mRNA localization depends on
Oskar, Staufen, Kinesin I
– mutants lack abdomen |
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