Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior-posterior pattern |
|
|
Term
| all hox genes are part of this |
|
Definition
| a family of transcription factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA binding region of the hox protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
specific contacts with base pairs in the DNA major grove bind to a 6 bp DNA sequence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
each region along A-P axis has a unique combination of the Hox gene expression each cell has a unique combinaton of Hox gene expression that identifies its anterior/posterior identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expression along the A-P axis mirrors chromosome location. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Genes produced by duplcation and divergence within a species |
|
|
Term
| Hox code is similar in these three organisms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mutations in hox genes produce this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| homeototic transformation |
|
Definition
| one region of an organism is transformed into another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of homeototic transformation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| posteriorly expressed hox genes tend to inhibit function of the anterior genes |
|
|
Term
| chicks and mice have a different number of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what anterior boundaries of hox gene expression defines |
|
Definition
| critical transitions in the A/P pattern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gene disruption, functionally remove gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-deletion -control transcription factors -remove the start sequence (ATG start codon) -insert a stop codon prematurally |
|
|
Term
| result of adding a premature stop codon... |
|
Definition
| alters DNA sequence to prevent transition of a full-length protein. |
|
|
Term
| first step in knock out of a hox gene |
|
Definition
| targeting construct: gene coding region is interupted with the selectsable marker gene (invitro) |
|
|
Term
second step in knock out of hox gene |
|
Definition
| taregting construct is introduced in the ES cells |
|
|
Term
| third step in hox knock out |
|
Definition
| homologous recombination replaces chromosomal gene with interupted gene from targeting construct |
|
|
Term
| requirement for homologous recombination |
|
Definition
| identical DNA sequences in targeting vector and mouse chromosome |
|
|
Term
fourth step in hox knock out |
|
Definition
selection (antibiotic selection allows drug resistant genes to live) |
|
|
Term
| fifth stage in hox knock out |
|
Definition
knockout ES cells injected into a mouse blastocyst -chimera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organism made up of cells from two or more individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of one copy of a gene....but mice flies and humans are diploid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one gene is usually sufficient by itself so its ok if one is messed up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
breeding knock out individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells that turn into sperm and eggs |
|
|
Term
| what "going germline" accomplishes |
|
Definition
| offspring will carry the modified gene |
|
|
Term
| to make a homozygous mutant individual... |
|
Definition
| you mate brothers with sisters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the retarded thing about knocking out hox genes... |
|
Definition
| many Hox gene knockouts have no obvious phenotype |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| retinoic acid is derived from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do you alter endogenous retinoids |
|
Definition
| by manipulating enzymes involved in retinoid metabolism |
|
|
Term
| what the spemann organizer induces |
|
Definition
a complete 2 degree axis (neural and mesodermal tissues) |
|
|
Term
what the late gastrula organizer induces |
|
Definition
| only posterior structures |
|
|
Term
| dorsal lip functions over time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| different regions of dorsal tissue |
|
Definition
| induce distinct tissue types |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| notochord (axial mesoderm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to induce and pattern brain and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| prechordalmesoderm purpose |
|
Definition
| induce and pattern the brain |
|
|
Term
what the spemann org. and the mouse node have in common |
|
Definition
| they express similar genes |
|
|
Term
| what a henson's node transplate induces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neural tissue is induced during gastrulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ectoderm --> NEURAL up mesoderm "VERTICAL SIGNALING" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dissociated animal cap cells are converted to neural fate -take away calcium to make cells fall apart -readd calcium -cells for a clump -turn into a brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an unintented (not meaningful) result due to experimental conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue identity in absense of signals |
|
|
Term
| default state for animal cap cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expressed in the animal cap and represses neural fate. (favors epidermal fate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
epidermis from being neural tissue dorsal mesoderm induces neural from epidermis |
|
|
Term
| where BMP antagonists are located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what posterior mesoderm induces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how you monitor neural patterning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expressed in a regional tissue specific manner |
|
|
Term
this extends like an embryo |
|
Definition
| an organizer explant sandwich |
|
|
Term
| result of a keller sandwich |
|
Definition
neural tissue becomes neural, involution doesnt occur anymore, neural tissue is not on top of the mesoderm like it normally would be. -still well patterned neural tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| signaling traveling with the plane of the tissue important in the AP pattern |
|
|
Term
| another name for mediolateral intercalation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| different types of tissue |
|
|
Term
| what a neural induction signal may induce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hindbrain: segmented into rhombomeres |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens after rhombomere formation |
|
Definition
| cells do not cross boundaries |
|
|
Term
| what will the primary mesenchyme form after ingression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what occurs as cells ingress |
|
Definition
epithelial to mesenchymal transition -lose ß-catenin, cadherin expression |
|
|
Term
| what pulls the archenteron to the animal pole? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anus first opening of archenteron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mouth first opening of archenteron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cell cortex is rich with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| filapods do what to cells |
|
Definition
| pull them together like a zipper |
|
|
Term
| what do actin bundles do to filapods and lamellipods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| location of secondary mesenchyme |
|
Definition
tip of the outside of the gut tube |
|
|
Term
| how do endoderm cells form the archenteron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does drosophila mesoderm invaginate? |
|
Definition
| along the ventral surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do neuroblasts form the ventral nerve cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the archenteron extension to the blastocoel roof occurs with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extension is acheived through |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cadherins attached to the actin cytoskeleton |
|
|
Term
| what does bottle cell formation indicate? |
|
Definition
gastrulation -apical constriction |
|
|
