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Development
Nature and Nurture
58
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
04/03/2011

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Cards

Term
How do psychologists study the degree to which development is an interaction of hereditary and environmental factors?
Definition
nature and nurture issue
Term
Mother’s nutrition, Mother’s illness
Mother’s use of drugs Alcohol, Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS),Fetal alcohol effects (FAE,are environmental agents that causes birth defects are called?
Definition
Teratogens
Term
Psy: typically take a (?) approach on the nature and nurture, which suggest that a combination of both heredity and environment influence development?
Definition
interactionist
Term
Basic unit through which information is passed?
Definition
gene
Term
A fertilized egg is called?
Definition
zygote
Term
A rod-shaped structure containing genetics information?
Definition
Chromosome
Term
First two week of a fertilize egg is called what period?
Definition
germinal period
Term
Psycologist use this technique to compares people of different ages at the same point in time. Such as the comparison of a 25, 45 and a 65 year olds IQ.
Definition
Cross-sectional research?
Term
Research on a participant at the age Traces the behavior of one or more participants as the participants age. A 25 year old is IQ is tested and again 20 years later, at age 45 and again at age 65.What type of research is being applied?
Definition
Longitudinal research
Term
Combines cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches by taking a number of different age groups and examining them at several points in time
Definition
Sequential research
Term
Two weeks after conception through 8 week embryo-developed zygote
Has a heart, brain, and other organ
Definition
embryonic period
Term
Fetus 8 weeks until birth is what period of development?
Definition
Fetal period
Term
The positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual or caregiver is called?
Definition
Attachment
Term
A disease that doesn't produce a enzyme which is required for normal development,causing mental retardation?
Definition
(PKU) Phenylketonuria
Term
Disease often found in European Jews?
Definition
Tay-Sachs disease
Term
Zygotes that receives an extra chromosome on the 21st pair at the moment of conception.
Definition
Down Syndrome
Term
An important attachment indicator according to experts?
Definition
eye contact
Term
rigid, highly punitive, and demanding obedience is what type of parental style?
Definition
authoritative
Term
Firm but fair,tries to explain parental decisions what type of parental style?
Definition
authoritarian
Term
Environmental agents that can cause birth defects
Definition
teratogens
Term
A condition resulting in below average intelligence, growth delays and facial deformities is called?
Definition
(FAS) fetal alcohol syndrome
Term
What are the milestones of physical and social development during childhood?
Definition
Rolling over 3-4 months, grasping rattle, 3-3 months, sitting without support 5-9, standing while holding on 7-2
Term
A reflex that causes a newborn to fling out there arms is called?
Definition
startle reflex
Term
A reflexes that causes infants to fan out there toe's when the outer sole of foot is stroked?
Definition
Babinski reflex
Term
Konrad Lorenz experiment on baby bird that hatches and encounters a human for the first becoming attached is considered?
Definition
imprinting
Term
Basic innate disposition that emerges early in life.
Definition
temperament
Term
A stage where infants develop feelings of trust?
Definition
trust vs mistrust stage
Term
A stage where children desire to act independently feeling bad form unintended and unexpected consequences?
Definition
initiative vs guilt
Term
Process by which children understand the world changes as a function of age and experience?
Definition
cognitive development
Term
According to Piaget this stage a child has little competence in representing the environment
Definition
sensorimotor stage
Term
Apart of the sensorimotor stage where infants lack the awareness that objects and people continue to exist even if they are out of sight is?
Definition
object permanence
Term
Stage that is characterized by language development is called?
Definition
preoperational stage
Term
A stage where children view the world from his or her perspective
Definition
egocentric thought
Term
Knowledge that quantity is unrelated to arrangement and physical appearance of an object?
Definition
principle of conversation
Term
Logic thought and the loss of egocentric thought?
Definition
concrete operational stage
Term
Abstract thought is what stage?
Definition
Formal operational stage
Term
A way in which people take in, and store information?
Definition
information processing
Term
Awareness and understanding of one's cognitive process
Definition
metacognition
Term
The level at which a child could almost but not fully comprehend or perform a task?
Definition
Zone of proximal development
Term
Johns recently surveyed his goals and achievements and realized some goals will not be met in his lifetime is called?
Definition
midlife crisis
Term
The distinguishing character of the person who each of us is,our roles and what we are capable of, adolescent have trouble with this stage,
Definition
Identity
Term
Major testing to determine one's unique qualities?
Definition
Identity vs role confusion
Term
Third leading cause of dead in adolescent.
Definition
Suicide
Term
What are the major competencies of newborns? Unlearned, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli
Definition
Reflexs
Term
How does cognitive development proceed during childhood?
Definition
Visual abilities grow rapidly after birth,
Habituation
Term
Decrease in the response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus
Definition
Habituation
Term
Authoritarian,Permissive,Authoritative,Uninvolved is what psycologist style of parenting.
Definition
Baumrid
Term
Devolpe posivive social interaction or may feel inadequate becoming less sociable?
Definition
Industry-versus-Inferiority Stage
Term
Toddlers develop independence or shame or self doubt.
Definition
Autonomy-versus-Shame-and-Doubt Stage
Term
Abstract, formal, and logical thinking
Definition
Formal operational stage
Term
An awareness and understanding of one’s own cognitive processes
Definition
Metacognition
Term
Cognitive development occurs as a consequence of social interactions in which children work with others to jointly solve problems,Level at which a child can almost, but not fully, comprehend or perform a task on his or her own
Definition
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Term
Cogintive development occurs when a parent, teacher, or skilled peer assist a child, presenting information that is both new and within the ZPD.
Definition
Scaffolding
Term
Developmental stage between childhood and adulthood
Definition
Adolescence
Term
Erikson's theroy, middle adulthood,Ability to contribute to one’s family, community, work, and society, and to assist the development of the younger generation
Definition
Generativity-versus-stagnation stage
Term
Erikson's theroy,Later adulthood until death,Sense of accomplishment
Definition
Ego-integrity-versus-despair stage
Term
Late adulthood should reflect a continuation, as much as possible, of the activities in which people participated during the earlier part of their lives
Life review
Definition
Activity Theory of Aging
Term
Aging produces a gradual withdrawal from the world on physical, psychological, and social levels
Definition
Disengagement Theory of Aging
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