Term
| Where was urban growth (what kinds of cities) most concentrated during the Renaissance-Baroque period? |
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Definition
| capitals, port (Atlantic trade becomes important), planned towns (resident cities, spa/recreational resorts, military towns) |
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Term
| What new kinds of forms were imposed on the layout of cities during this period, and for what purposes? |
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Definition
placed great emphasis on single-focus radial layouts, on the provision of vistas, and on a highly proportional and formalistic repetition of forms. Also reintroduced classically inspired domes, arches, and decorative forms into their structures. Further, Grand Manner ideals called for "gilded" urban landscapes that both embraced ostentatious display and showed the stability and legitimacy of princely power and authority.
Grand Manner: straight streets, diagonals, nodes asterisks (where diagonals and streets come together), monuments, consistent architecture, ceremonial axis, total plan) Ex:Versailles, Chambord
Defensive Girdle: revolution in military engineering, built to defend against attacks. Ex:Naarden, Amsterdam: even though it had this, it was never successfully defended, Pfalsbourg, Lorraine
Naval Ports: large standing navy. Ex:La Rochelle, France |
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Term
| Why do we say that many of these new forms first appeared in the countryside? |
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Definition
-congestion and residential segregation
-wealthy people began moving into the countryside and building there
-gardens etc. |
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Term
| How was the built environment affected; were these new forms introduced everywhere, or only in certain places and under certain circumstances? |
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Definition
| not introduced everywhere, usually only implemented as a result of a reason to rebuild like a natural catastrophe (Ex:Lisbon, Portugal) |
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Term
| What effect did changing military technology have on cities during this period? |
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Definition
-see info about defensive girdle
-cities became obsessed with being protected from attack |
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Term
| How during this period were the residential circumstances of the wealthy beginning to diverge from those of the rest of urban society? |
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Definition
- wealthy were separating themselves by creating areas (squares)
- squares began to develop additions in the form of crescents
- Paris and London had exclusive areas just for the wealthy
- created parks and recreational areas in the country |
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Term
| How congested were Renaissance-Baroque cities? |
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Definition
becoming more and more congested as time went on
Becoming very crowded, no longer able to expand outward to accommodate new demands for space as they had in the past, new defenses were too large to tear down, cities were forced to build more densely |
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Term
| Versailles (residential city) |
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Definition
Louis XIV, need human interference to make nature perfect, had hydraulic machinery, Grand Manner
Servants brought in to keep activities going, enormous formal garden full of geometric forms, viewed nature as having tremendous potential, couldn’t done without human interference, accommodated the tastes and special needs of the upper classes → residence city, elegantly planned urban setting for princely palaces, which often featured an elaborate system of radial streets focused on the royal residence |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| formal renaissance gardens |
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Definition
Blenheim Park, England (ancestral home of the Duke of Marlborough)
: full of geometric form, viewed nature as having tremendous potential, couldn’t be done without human interferences, everyone tried to keep up with the idea
-english landscape garden (created an artificial lake and
hills
-idyllic, gentle looking landscape garden (lots of grass) |
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Term
| english landscape gardens |
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Definition
Stourhead, Wiltshire
-picturesque
-Henry Hoare II wanted a beautiful vista |
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Term
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Definition
called for gilded urban landscapes taht simultaneously embraced ostentatious display and demonstrated the stability
and legitimacy of princely power and authority
: term to describe new layout and design, planning ideal, shape entire city so as to reflect its position in the hierarchical social and political order of time. Straight streets (grid), nodes/asterisks, monuments/fountains/arches, consistent architecture (parallel roof lines), “gilded” urban landscapes that simultaneously embraced ostentatious display and demonstrated the stability and legitimacy of princely power and authority |
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Term
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Definition
a natural disaster that gave builders an excuse to build on a clean slate, was rebuilt on a grid plan
Sunday Morning – All Saints Day, Tidal wave washed out city, brought down most of buildings in the cent of the city, rebuilt afterwards, street city redone in a grand manner |
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Term
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Definition
gave builders a chance to rebuild but the guarded plans and conservative building habits were too difficult to overcome and only a small portion of the postfire plans were ever implemented
exception to grand manner, 1666, designs: rectangular grid, key nodes at important parts of the city, grand manner never was implemented, too slow, landowners begand to rebuild along the old pattern, today roads look medieval because of this |
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Term
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Definition
an open space surrounded solely by residential buildings occupied by people of high social class or rank (growing physical separation)
open space surrounded solely by residential buildings occupied by people of high social class or rank, over time took on a variety of forms (ellipses, cresecents, circles) Best known: London’s West end, |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| defensive “girdles” - Vauban (military fortress engineer) |
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Definition
| revolution in military engineering, developed geometric in-depth defenses, masses of earth piled up, made into a system of defenses, in between are forks which are killing fields, creates a girdle |
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