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Design and Sustainability
Exam Study Material
61
Art/Design
Undergraduate 3
04/17/2013

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Cards

Term
Global temperature is now at 58.6 degF, a raise of how many degrees would turn earth into a desert?
Definition
8 degrees F
Term
what percentage of mammals are facing extinction?
Definition
25%
Term
Eco Design
Definition
thinking about the entire life cycle of a product/service.
Term
what is human ecological impacts?
Definition
human pop. x (wealth/person) x ((pollution+resource depletion)/unit economic wealth)
Term
Sustainable development
Definition
meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs
Term
sustainable design
Definition
environmental benign, economically viable and socially equitable
Term
What is The Natural Step?
Definition
an international organization who proposes 4 system conditions to help stabilize the bioshpere.
Term
what is the first system condition of the TNS?
Definition
1. fossil fuels, metals and other minerals must not be extracted at a faster rate than their redeposit and regeneration into the earths crust.
Term
what is the second system condition of TNS?
Definition
substances must not be produced faster than they can be broken down and be regenerated into the earth
Term
What is the third system condition of TNS?
Definition
the physical basis for the productivity and diversity of nature must not be systematically deteriorated
Term
what is the fourth system condition of TNS?
Definition
basic human needs must be met with the most resource efficient methods possible, including equitable resource depletion.
Term
What is the TNS Funnel?
Definition
decline in living systems is in conflict with increasing demand for products.
(a forward planning company is more profitable than a reactive, defensive company)
Term
This is a measure of how many 'Earth's" worth of resources are we currently using globally,according to the World Wildlife Fund.
Definition
Global Ecological FootPrint.
Term
what is the global population?
Definition
7 Billion
Term
This is when an excess of nutrients gets in a lake, causing algea blooms and depriving the other living organisms of oxygen
Definition
water eutrophication
Term
Globally we have lost 1/3 of this due to industrial farming practices
Definition
arable soil
Term
This is design to reduce the ecological impacts of a product or service
Definition
eco design
Term
This is the Fifth and most devoted stage of the sustainability journey after "Integrated Strategy"
Definition
Passion and Purpose
Term
This is design for closed loop systems in biological and technical cycles.
Definition
cradle to cradle
Term
This is the international agreement on how E-waste should be handled between countries
Definition
Basel Convention

Almost every country has joined except
the United States
Term
These are valuable recoverable metals from e-waste
Definition
gold, platinum,palladium, copper, iron, nickel,
tin and zinc
Term
wastewater channels in Guiyu China, where most e-waste recycling takes place, found levels of these heavy metals 400 to 600 times higher than is considered
safe.
Definition
copper, lead, tin,
or cadmium
Term
This is a stage on the journey of sustainable business where a company is ignorant or chooses to ignore environmental legislation.
Definition
Pre Compliance
Term
This type of company takes volunteer actions to improve their eco performance like implementing ISO 14000 management systems
Definition
beyond compliance
Term
Nike is an example of this type of company who sees sustainability innovation as a way to be more profitable in the future and adjusts their planning to suit.
Definition
integrated strategy
Term
This government backed rating systems lets consumers know how efficient electrical product are at the point of purchase.
Definition
energy star
Term
Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Hexavalent chromium (Hex-Cr), Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), and Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are all restricted and must be tested for with this European Directive.
Definition
RoHS Directive

Restriction of Hazardous Substances
Term
WEEE is the acronymn for this and is part of a large trend towards producer responsibility legistation in Europe.
Definition
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Term
Environment Canada is a ministry of the Canadian Government which protects the environment using this act.
Definition
Canadian Environmental Protection Act
Term
This is a department of a company who focuses on the community impact of a corporation.
Definition
the Corporate Social Responsibility department
Term
These are a set of principles to help companies ensure their workers in all parts of the world are being treated with dignity and respect.
Definition
the Fair Labour Principles
Term
addition of gases into the atmosphere through burning fossil fuels. (agricultural practices, industrial practices)
Definition
Global Warming
Term
effect of toxic substances on plants, animals and other biota in the natural environment.
Definition
Ecotoxicity
Term
Resource depletion
Definition
fossil fuels being turned to Co2 too fast
fresh water converted to forms that are not recoverable
minerals are being produced into forms that arent recycled.
topsoil is eroding from agriculture
Term
Product design will succeed on many levels if it meets the needs of its stakeholders, what are the stakeholders?
Definition
the environment, the user, society and the client
Term
what are the 9 stages to the product life cycle?
Definition
1. natural environment
2. raw material extraction
3. material processing
4. component manufacturing
5. assembly and packaging
6. distribution and purchase
7. installation and use
8. maintenance and upgrading
9. incineration/landfilling/reuse, recycle
Term
What type of plastic do you use for components that are more than 1/5 pound/
Definition
ps, ps/abs, hdpe, pvc or pp
Term
what is the first design phase in the eco strategy wheel?
Definition
design for innovation, re think on how to provide a benefit (biomimicry)
Term
what comes after innovation in the eco strategy wheel?
Definition
Design with Low impact materials, renewable resources, waste by products
Term
what comes after low impact materials in the eco strategy design wheel?
Definition
Optimized manufacturing, minimize energy and # of components
Term
what comes after optimize manufacturing in the eco design strategy?
Definition
efficient distribution, reduce packaging, local distribution, low impact travel
Term
what comes after efficient distribution in the eco design strategy?
Definition
Low Impact use, reduce energy, material and water inefficiencies
Term
what comes after low impact use in eco design strategy?
Definition
optimized product life time, design for upgrades, durability, second life
Term
what comes after optimized product life time in eco design strategy?
Definition
optimized end-of-life, ease of disassembly, downcycling, recycling, biodegrade etc.
Term
Process Tree
Definition
transformation of resources and materials throughout a product.
Term
what is LCA?
Definition
life cycle impact assessment
Term
what are the steps in LCA?
Definition
1. Bill of Materials
2. Inventory
3. Characterization
4. Normalization
5. Weighting
Term
what is a system boundary?
Definition
what is outside of product boundaries ex. if you are designing a coffee cup, look at disposal of coffee and brewing of coffee.
Term
What is product lifetime?
Definition
# of total hours that the product will be used in its lifetime, agree on a realistic estimation of lifetime.
Term
What is functional unit?
Definition
allows comparison of disparate products in terms of impacts per unit of delivered service.
Term
What type of transport is more damaging than road, rail and water?
Definition
air transport
Term
what are the steps in Life Cycle Analysis?
Definition
1. Define product boundaries
2. BOM
3. Calculate impacts and make chart.
Term
what are the top 5 sustainable design principles?
Definition
1. look at the whole picture of a product system
2. energy in manufacturing
3. material choices
4. social responsibility
5. help people have a long term view of sustainability
Term
What is status quo world view?
Definition
cradle to grave, we can continue to grow exponentially, natural resources are for us to use
Term
how much would the oceans rise if 1/2 of greenland's ice melted?
Definition
6 meters
Term
how much % of old growth forests are gone?
Definition
50%
Term
What is MUDA?
Definition
human activity which absorbs resources but creates no value
Term
Cradle to Cradle=
Definition
eco-produce > consume > re-use
Term
What is Hannover Principles?
Definition
A set of statements about designing buildings and objects with forethought about their environmental impact, their effect on the sustainability of growth, and their overall impact on society
Term
what are some hannover principles?
Definition
recognize interdependance, eliminate concept of waste, understand limitations of design, rely on natural energy flows, seek constant improvement, accept responsibility for the consequences of design decisions.
Term
Socially responsible design values?
Definition
make life better for people, assume responsibility, demonstrate transparency, deep ecology
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