Term
Describe ways in which Roman architectural form was more complex than Greek architectural form? Refer to the Pantheon and Trajan's Imperial Forum. |
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Definition
- Had more vault and dome construction.
- Architecture was not only meant to celebrate the external experience but also the internal one as shown in the Pantheon.
- Buildings used hierarchical and orthogonal organization like in Trajan's Imperial Forum
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Term
In what ways does the Romanesque cathedral formally anticipate the Gothic Cathedral? |
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Definition
- Began building in a cross like shape
- Use of buttress
- Started using lighting in the tall thin naves to create elegance
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Term
Describe the vaulting and buttressing system of gothic cathedral. |
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Definition
- Vaults were less round
- Buttress were perfectly placed to allow lateral loads on the thinning walls and roofs
- Vault was given more of an organic look with elaborate ribs along the sides
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Term
Describe Egyptians use of stereometric shapes. |
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Definition
- Egyptians used stereometric shapes in balanced form to embody a constant eternal order.
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Term
What existential space is concretized in Egyptian Architecture and how? |
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Definition
The Nile river was concretized because it was the lifesource of Egypt. |
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Term
What is included in a typical Egyptian temple complex and how are these parts arranged? |
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Definition
A typical temple complex consisted of pylons marking entrance to the sacred area, the colonnaded courtyard, the hypostyle hall and the sanctuary |
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Term
Describe the evolution of the architectural formal strategy from Zoser to Deir el Bahir to Karnak. |
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Definition
- Zoser was an early example of an architectural system. The walls are metered out but wasnt yet organized along any major axis.
- Deir el Bahir exhibits a mature architectural system. It was axially organized with a system of ramps, terraces, colonnades, courtyards and halls.
- Temple of Karnak was a fully developed architectural system. It had a dominant path with celebrated entrances, courtyards, and organized rooms.
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Term
Why are Greek temples arranged to appear haphazard? |
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Definition
Greek temples are concretizations of individual existential situations which recognize the character of the land and lock it to the surrounding landscape. |
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Term
Describe the sequence into the Acropolis. |
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Definition
- Contains the poropylea which is a temple dedicated to Athena Nike.
- Also the erechtheion which is a temple for Attica, Poseidon, and Athena
- Finally there is the Parthenon which is a temple dedicated to Athena Parthenos
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Term
What are the three Greek orders? |
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Definition
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Term
How do you "train" your eye? |
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Definition
- Actually see, see as much as you possibly can.
- Along with seeing study, learn about the places that you are seeing
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Term
Ten ways to explore and understand a building? |
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Definition
- Learn why it was built and what its function in the community was and is now.
- Raise your normal view and look up as you walk around.
- Sense the space.
- Train your eye to understand the structure.
- Determine how the materials are working.
- Determine how the building was constructed.
- Examine the historical presidents.
- Analyze the composition, the proportions, and the rhythms.
- Observe the appropriateness of the building.
- Analyze what makes this building special.
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Term
How is a building frame "topped out" in the United States and in Mexico? |
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Definition
- Traditionally in the United States, when a building is topped out, workers place a fir tree on the roof.
- In Mexico, when a building is topped, a handmade cross, decorated with ribbons and flowers, is blessed and placed on a prominent spot on top of the building.
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Term
What was Charles Moore's approach to architectural education? |
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Definition
"taking students to see places and listen to people" Seeing and understanding through travel, reading, drawing, theorizing, contemplation, and conversation make the key - but the most important learning comes from seeing. |
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Term
Why is admired architecture a good investment? |
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Definition
- Admired architecture has a long, productive life.
- Rewarding Sensual and intellectual
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Term
What is the force that creates great architecture? |
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Definition
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Term
Where does the word "architect" come from and what does it mean? |
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Definition
An experienced master builder Archi(chief) - tecton(builder) or architecton |
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Term
Who certifies the use of the title architect? |
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Definition
The state certifies the use of the title architect. |
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Term
How can the experience of building be improved? |
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Definition
The experience can be improved by knowing the building intellectually, by learning its history and social purpose; and of course, as an architect would, by studying it in plan and section to understand its purpose. |
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Term
What three ways can a building cause aesthetic senstations? |
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Definition
- Treament of walls, proportions of windows, the relatin of wall-space to window-space
- Treatment of the exterior of a building as a whole, its contrast of block against block, the rhythm of projections and recessions.
- Treatment of the interior, the sequence of rooms, the widening out of a nave at the crossing
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Term
What distinguishes architecture from painting and sculpture? |
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Definition
- Spatial quality
- Architecture has a history of man shaping space
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Term
What makes architecture the most comprehensive of all visual arts? |
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Definition
Architecture requires the sculptors and the painters modes of vision in addition to his own spatial imagination, thus it is the most comprehensive of all visual arts. |
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Term
Modernisms aesthetic intentions were called what by Hitchcock and Johnson? What was the Bauhaus? |
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Definition
- They gave it the Name "The International Style"
- The Bauhaus in Germany began as a design school for industrial production and later included architecture in the new aesthetic of modernism.
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Term
What is "regionalism" in architecture? |
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Definition
- A different direction from international style
- Adjustment to fit the regional more localized cultural and environmental characteristics that modernists ignored.
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Term
How did Le Corbusier describe a house? |
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Definition
"A house is a machine for living" |
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Term
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Definition
Predesign process in which general ideas are formed for the building into specific requirements. Usually done witht he client. |
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Term
What is a RFQ, and who sends it out? |
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Definition
A request for qualifications is required if you are selecting an architect when public funds are involved. It is sent out by the building committee |
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Term
What are the three ways an architect's fee can be determined? |
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Definition
- A cost plus a multiple of direct expense agreement.
- A fee based on a percentage of construction cost.
- A lump-sum contract for the architect's services.
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Term
What is the owner responsible for? |
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Definition
- A legal description of the site with boundary stakes in the ground
- A topographic site plan showing the location of trees and other features, including utility entry points
- A subsurface soils and foundation survey
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Term
After programming, what are the five main phases of an Architects service? |
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Definition
- Schematic Design
- Design Development
- Construction Documentation
- Bidding and Negotiating of Construction Contracts
- Construction Administration
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Term
How do you encourage good workmanship? |
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Definition
Complements encourage good workmanship. |
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Term
What one deficiency completely inhibits a person from understanding architecture? |
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Definition
Poor spatial perception, lack of visualizing something in occupied or empty space is the only one deficiency that completely inhibits a person from understanding architecture. |
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Term
What five preparations are useful for studying architecture? |
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Definition
- Good general education
- A start in a second language
- Enough math and physics to handle intro college courses
- Experiences in freehand drawing
- Most importantly, extensive travel
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Term
What is the teaching method for design? |
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Definition
A one-on-one discussion of the student's work, and relies on constructive criticism. |
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Term
What does Charrette mean? |
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Definition
Charrette means an intense effort over a period of time, like 24 to 48 hours, during which one goes without sleeping and one's mental and artistic abilites are concentrated into a creativity machine more effective than one ever could imagine. |
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Term
What are the steps to becoming a licensed architect? |
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Definition
- First you must receive a professional degree usualy taking 5 to 6 years.
- Second you must complete a three-year internship with a registered architect.
- After internship you qualify to take the Architectural Registration Exam consisting of 9 parts and taking months and sometimes years to complete.
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Term
What are the two trinities of the professional architect? |
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Definition
- Commodity, Firmness, and Delight
- Business, Technology, Art
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Term
What are three ways to enrich professional architecture practice? |
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Definition
- Be well organized
- Posses both business skills and people skills
- Having a flair for entrepreneurship
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Term
What are the three worlds you will explore in design? |
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Definition
- Site, a place in the community or landscape
- Program, the owner's list of needs and desires
- Budget
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Term
Define Scale and massing. |
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Definition
Scale - is the relationship of the building to human body or to the size and scale of the buildings nearby Massing - is the proportional relationship of one mass of the building to another and to the whole building |
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Term
What is the Goldilocks Theory of Architecture? |
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Definition
simply make things "Just Right" |
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Term
Delight comes with the skillful manipulation of what elements? |
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Definition
- Handsome Proportions
- Rhythmic Sequences
- Richenss of Form
- Balance of Composition
- Dramatic Events
- Stimulating Color
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Term
What can architecture's form, space, and iconography do? |
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Definition
- Communicate ideas
- Tell histories
- Evoke emotions
- Enhance spirituality
- Create a sense of place
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Term
Why was archiecture called the Mother of the Arts? |
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Definition
- It integrated painting, sculpture, music, and drama.
- It was a concept that generated great ritual art and architecture through the collaboration of the artists
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Term
What is the term for World Center |
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Definition
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Term
What does Joseph Campbell adivse us about myths? |
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Definition
They help us experience the rapture of being alive. |
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Term
How are space and area different? |
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Definition
Area is flat and two-dimensional Space is the three-dimensional substance in which we live |
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Term
How do you orient a building to engage the senses? |
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Definition
- Consider what your eyes see
- Orient the spaces so you will feel breeze and sense the heat of the sun or cool of shade.
- Screen and protect from sounds that bother.
- Avoid the harsh fumes
- Just find the most desirable location for meals and snacks
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Term
How is character expressed? |
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Definition
Character is expressed by the use of scale, form, materials, icon, and nuances reached by design study. |
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Term
What are the most important proportions? |
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Definition
- Golden Rectangle - ratio of width to length of 1 to 1.618
- Square root of 2 - the ratio of 1 to 1.414
- The simplest is the square
- Double square and doulbe cube
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Term
What do different windows express? |
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Definition
The size and shape of the window expresses what's going on behind it. |
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Term
When should you plan the furniture arrangement? |
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Definition
Before planning the walls |
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Term
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Definition
[image] - Egyptian architecture used stone sculptures
- Columns were meant to represent a closed lotus flower
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Term
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Definition
[image] Architect - Pheidias Temple to the God Athena Nike (Athena the Warrior) Overlooks the Agora (Marketplace)
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Term
Outside of Pantheon - Rome |
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Definition
[image] Meant to celebrate the internal experience. |
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Definition
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Term
Santa Sabina - Early Christian |
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Definition
[image] - Meant to Concretize Spiritualized Space
- Side Isles were dark and Represented the World
- Nave was Tall and Thin, Presaged Gothic Architecture
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Term
Hagia Sophia (Section) - Early Christian |
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Definition
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Term
Gothic Cathedral Section of wall |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
[image] Architect - Erich Mendelsohn - Designed for concrete
- Concrete Frame and Masonary Infill
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Definition
[image] Architect - Albert Kahn Plant design came directly from the process of making glass |
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Definition
[image] Architect - Gerrit Rietveld - Despite it's modern appearance it is a wood framed house
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Term
Villa Garches (Villa Stein) |
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Definition
[image] Architect - Le Corbusier |
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Definition
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Definition
[image] Architect - Frank Lloyd Wright - Meant to combine nature with Architecture
- Thought it was a Failure
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Definition
[image] Archiect - Som Located in New York City |
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Definition
[image] Architect - La Corbusier Located in Monastery France |
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Definition
[image] Louis Kahn Located in Ft. Worth |
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Definition
[image] Alvar Aalto Pieces of building focus on the way that human interaction is inside |
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Term
An Architect's "Professional and Artistic" quality brings what five benefits to the client? |
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Definition
- Commodity
- Firmness
- Delight
- Structural Soundness
- On Budget
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