Term
Middle Eocene, in China
Anthropoid-like (had teeth, mandible, ankle bones) |
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Definition
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Term
(e.g. Aegyptopithecus, Propliopithecus)
Early Oligocene |
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Definition
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Term
(e.g. Qatrania, Apidium, Parapithecus)
Late Eocene – Oligocene |
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Definition
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Term
(e.g. Catopithecus, Oligopithecus)
Late Eocene |
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Definition
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Term
Late Eocene
Diurnal
Arboreal quadruped
Small monkey
Earliest Anthropoid? |
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Definition
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Term
Postorbital closure
Lacrimal inside orbit
Fused mandible
Fused frontal |
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Definition
| Extant anthropoid features |
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Term
3 premolars
Bony cup behind eyes
Small monkeys
Diurnal
Arboreal quadruped and leaping |
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Definition
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Term
2 premolars
Bony cup behind eyes
Medium to large monkeys
Diurnal
Sexual dimorphism |
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Definition
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Term
20 mya
Africa
Bigger than oligocene anthropoids – (gibbon to female gorilla size)
Lack tails (true apes)
Anatomically like an arboreal monkey, but with the cranium of an ape |
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Definition
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Term
20.6 mya
Africa
Primitive upper jaw
Basal ape
Vertebrae and shoulder are suspensory |
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Definition
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Term
World gets drier
Dry woodlands
Savannah
First cranial and postcranial links to living apes |
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Definition
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Term
16 to 10 mya
Found in Spain
Arboreal
Thick enamel on teeth
Limbs suggesting brachiation
Short fingers
Ancestor of forest-dwelling apes? |
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Definition
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Term
Temperature drops
Fewer apes
More monkeys
Greater behavioral flexibility
8 mya |
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Definition
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Term
At one time thought to be ancestral to hominids
Parabolic dental arcade
Small canines
Low sexual dimorphism
13-8 mya |
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Definition
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Term
shorter snout
2-1-4-3
postorbital bar
opposable hallux
nails
petrosal bulla |
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Definition
| characteristics of early prosimians |
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Term
small eyes
long snout
small incisors
large canines
ring in ear |
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Definition
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Term
large eyes
short snout
large incisors
small canines
ear tube |
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Definition
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