Term
Name the 2 bacteria that cause cellulitis |
|
Definition
Staph aureus (MSSA and MRSA)
Group A strep |
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Term
Name 4 risk factors for getting cellulits |
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Definition
IV drug use
Diabetes
Skin penetration (trauma, surgery)
lymphatic dysfunction |
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Term
|
Definition
Cellulitis
Erythema, swollen, painful |
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Term
Treatment of cellulitis (3 antibiotics) |
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Definition
Cephalosporin
Oxacillin
Vanco/Linezolid (for MRSA) |
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Term
Treatment of cellulitis in pt with DM |
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Definition
Broad coverage, risk of multiorganism infection |
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Term
Complication of cellulitis |
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Definition
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Term
Why are wound cultures not useful in cellulitis? |
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Definition
Risk of contamination with normal skin flora |
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Term
Where does pus accumulate in skin abscesses? |
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Definition
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Term
What is hidradenitis suppurativa? |
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Definition
Chronic follicular occlusion and apocrine gland inflammation
leads to recurrent abscesses in the groin, axilla, perineum |
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Term
What bacteria causes skin abscesses?
What about in the back and perineal region? |
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Definition
Most common: staphylococcal
Back/perineum: anaerobic |
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Term
Treatment of skin abscess |
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Definition
I/D with healing by secondary intention
antibiotics (cephalosporin) |
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Term
Risk of large facial abscess |
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Definition
Cavernous sinus thrombosis |
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Term
Symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis |
|
Definition
Loss of sensation of affected tissue
Crepitus
Very painful |
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|
Term
Treatment of necrotizing fasciitis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this?
What pathogens (2) causes it? |
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Definition
Impetigo
Staph aureus, Group A strep |
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Term
How do you treat impetigo? |
|
Definition
Wash the area
Erythromycin or cephalosporin
don't share clothing to prevent spread of infection |
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Term
What bacteria causes acne vulgaris? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name 5 treatments of acne vulgaris |
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Definition
Retinoid
Antibiotics
Benzoyl perozide
OCP
isotretinoin |
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Term
Name 2 complications of isotretinoin therapy and what you do to monitor for them |
|
Definition
1) Teratogenic: women need 2 negative pregnancy tests and 2 forms of birth control
2) hepatotoxic: monitor LFTs |
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Term
Where does HSV remain dormant |
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Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What causes this?
What are 2 common locations and types? |
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Definition
| HSV 1 or 2 (usually 1 is mouth, 2 is genitals) |
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|
Term
What do you do to diagnose HSV?
What do you see? |
|
Definition
Tzanck Smear
Multinucleated giant cells |
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Term
[image]
What causes this and what is it called? |
|
Definition
Varicella Zoster - chicken pox form |
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|
Term
[image]
What is this? What is it called?
|
|
Definition
Varicella zoster - shingles form |
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Term
What virus can cause rash, encephalopathy, and retinitis in immunocompromised patients? |
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Definition
|
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Term
[image]
What is this?
What causes it?
How do you treat it?
What is the main complication? |
|
Definition
Genital warts
HPV
Treatment: cryotherapy, laser
Complcations: anal cancer, cervical cancer |
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Term
[image]
What is this and what causes it?
How do you treat? |
|
Definition
Molluscum contagiosum
Viral skin infection- pox virus
self resolves or cryotherapy |
|
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Term
What do you see on histology of molluscum contagiosum? |
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Definition
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|
Term
[image]
What is this?
What is the common name?
How do you treat? |
|
Definition
Tinea corporis
Ringworm
Ketoconazole |
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Term
[image]
What causes this?
What exam can you use to diagnose it?
How do you treat? |
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Definition
Tinea versicolor
Wood's lamp exam
Ketoconazole |
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|
Term
What organism causes scabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this?
What do you see on a slide? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
How does a type I hypersensitivity reaction of the skin present? |
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Definition
Acute onset after ingestion or contact with offending agent
It lasts only a few hours |
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Term
What is the pathophysiology of a type I hypersensitivity skin reaction? |
|
Definition
Mast cell degranulation leads to urticaria
IgE |
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Term
How does a type IV hypersensitivity skin reaction present? |
|
Definition
Appears several days after exposure
Most common form of contact dermatitis |
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Term
[image]
What is this?
What causes it?
What infection is it most associated with? |
|
Definition
Erythema multiforme
Caused from hypersensitivity to drugs, infection, or vaccines
Herpes Simplex infection |
|
|
Term
What is steven-johnson's syndrome? |
|
Definition
Severe erythema multiformed that involves mucous membranes and skin sloughing
Can be idiopathic, drug reaction
involves upto 10% of body |
|
|
Term
What is the most severe hypersensitivity skin reaction?
How do you treat it? |
|
Definition
Toxic epidermal necrosis (T.E.N)
Treat in a burn center, give lots of hydration, IVIG, and steroids
involves over 30% of body |
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Term
What is cradle cap and how do you treat it? |
|
Definition
Seborrheic dermatitis
Selenium shampoo or ketoconazole |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this?
What cell layer is absent? |
|
Definition
Psoriasis
Missing the granular cell layer |
|
|
Term
Name 4 drugs that can be used to treat psoriasis |
|
Definition
Corticosteroids
Tacrolimus
Methotrexate
Cyclosporin |
|
|
Term
What inflammatory skin disorder presents with a herald patch?
What medication can you give to slow exacerbation? |
|
Definition
Pityriasis rosea
Erythromycin |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this?
Name 4 diseases it is associated with |
|
Definition
Erythema nodosum
Strep infection
IBD
Sarcoidosis/TB
Pregnancy |
|
|
Term
What is the pathophysiology of pemphigus vulgaris? |
|
Definition
autoantibodies against epidermal adhesion molecules
Intracellular IgG |
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|
Term
What is the pathophysiology of bullous pemphigoid? |
|
Definition
Autoantibodies against the epidermal basement membrane
IgG and C3 deposits along the basement membrane |
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|
Term
[image]
What is this?
Name 3 drugs that treat it. |
|
Definition
Pemphigus vulgaris
Steroids, azothioprine, cyclophosphamide |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this?
Name 2 drugs to treat it
|
|
Definition
Bullous pemphigoid
Steroids, Azothioprine |
|
|
Term
How does porphyria cutanea tarda present?
What causes it?
Treatment? |
|
Definition
Chronic blistering on sun exposed skin
Caused from deficiency in Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (genetic)
Phelbotomy, chloroquine |
|
|
Term
Why do we care about actinic keratosis? |
|
Definition
| Because it can turn into squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
What does Squamous cell carcinoma look like? |
|
Definition
Painless, red papule with scales.
After a long time it can ulcerate and bleed |
|
|
Term
What does Basal cell carcinoma look like? |
|
Definition
| Pearly papule with telangiectasias |
|
|
Term
What factor best predicts prognosis in melanoma?
What is the biggest risk that someone has melanoma? |
|
Definition
Lesion thickness
Recent changes in a mole's appearance |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Cherry hemangioma
Benign vascular tumor associated with aging |
|
|
Term
[image]
Who gets this?
What is it? |
|
Definition
Strawberry hemangioma
Benign vascular tumor
Seen in kids at birth, gradually resolve (may initially get worse) |
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|
Term
[image]
What is this?
What is the hormone connection?
What is the pathology?
|
|
Definition
Spider angioma
Estrogen dependent: associated with OCP, liver disease
central arteriole dilation caused from high estrogen state |
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|
Term
[image]
what is this?
Is this a benign process?
What syndrome is this associated with? |
|
Definition
Cavernous hemangioma
Benign if just on skin.
when in the brain: AVM associated with bleeding
Associated with von-hippel lindau |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this?
what is it known as? |
|
Definition
Ichthyosis vulgaris
Normal skin at birth that becomes dry
called lizard skin |
|
|
Term
Graft v Host Disease
What is the immunology of this disease?
What systems are affected? |
|
Definition
Donor T cell mediated reaction against host HLA
Affects skin, intestines, and Liver |
|
|
Term
What is the best advice to protect from photo-exposure?
|
|
Definition
| Avoid being outside (sun exposure) from 10-4. |
|
|
Term
Acanthosis nigricans
What is this associated with (2 diseases) |
|
Definition
Insulin resistance (young people)
Gastric adenocarcinoma (old people) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Destruction of melanocytes (?autoimmune) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inherited lack of melanocytes limited to head and trunk |
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|
Term
What is Chalazion?
How do you treat it?
|
|
Definition
From obstruction of the meibomian gland
can be due to meibomian gland carcinoma - do histology
rx: steroids or Incision/Curettage |
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|
Term
What is a Hordeolum?
What is it known as?
How do you treat it?
|
|
Definition
Stye
Rx: antistaph abx, hot compresses |
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|
Term
[image]
what is this?
What causes this?
How does it present?
How is it treated? |
|
Definition
Lichen Planus
unknown cause
Itchy rash of skin or mucous membranes
Steroids or self resolving |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this?
How does it present?
What disease is it associated with?
How do you treat it?
What antibodies are present? |
|
Definition
Dermatitis herpetiformis
vesicular rash throughout arms, trunk, buttock, that comes and goes. May have GI symptoms
Celiac disease
gluten free diet
antiendomesial antibodies
|
|
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Term
[image]
What is this?
What is it known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this?
What type of virus causes this?
How is it spread?
What sign in the mouth is pathognomotic for this illness?
What complications are there? |
|
Definition
Measles
Paramyxovirus
Respiratory spread, very contagious
Koplik spots
complications: vit A deficiency (give Vit A) |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this called?
How does it present?
What bacteria cultures out of the rash? |
|
Definition
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
flu-like prodrome with fever
Cultures negative (due to the toxin produced, NOT from the bacteria itself) |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this?
What organism causes it?
How is it different from cellulitis? |
|
Definition
Erysipelas
Group A strep
More superficial. Does not affect subcutaneous tissue |
|
|
Term
Who gets bullous pemphigoid?
How does it present? |
|
Definition
old people
Tense blisters |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this?
What is it associated with?
What infection is the precursor? |
|
Definition
Kaposi's Sarcoma
HIV/AIDS
HHV8 |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this?
Who do you see it in?
What exacerbates it? |
|
Definition
Rosacea
usually in fair skinned people age 30-60
flushing due to heat, emotion |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this called?
In whom is it life threatening and how do you treat? |
|
Definition
Eczema herpeticum
disseminated form of HSV that occurs after or with atopic dermatitis
life threatening in infants, give acyclovir |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathophysiology of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction? |
|
Definition
Cell mediated
A person must be exposed to an antigen 1X before developing the reaction |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this?
What physical diagnostic sign should you look for?
What do you worry about in pregnant women (3 problems with baby)? |
|
Definition
Rubella
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Congenital rubella syndrome: cateracts, deafness, heart disease
|
|
|
Term
| Angioedema pathophysiology (non ACEi associated) |
|
Definition
C1 inhibitor deficiency (acquired or genetic)
often after trauma (dental procedures) |
|
|
Term
[image]
What is this?
What organism?
How does it present? Where do you see the rash?
Name 2 drugs that can treat it. |
|
Definition
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Ricketssia ricketssia
flu like prodrome
starts at wrist and ankles then spreads inwards
Doxycycline or Chloramphenicol
|
|
|
Term
How do you treat scabies (2 meds)? |
|
Definition
Permethrin cream
antihistamine for pruritis |
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