Term
| Describe what type of alopecia is seen in hypersensitivities? |
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Definition
patchy, poorly demarcated
often symmetrical |
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Term
| What are the most common alopecic skin diseases? |
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Definition
infectious:
- 2ndary superficial bacterial
- demodicosis
-dermatophytosis
Endocrine
"cosmetic follicular dz |
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Term
| What are the 3 mite species of demodicosis? and describe how they look |
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Definition
d.canis - elongated (hair follicles)
d.cornei- stumpy tailed (stratum corneum)
d. injai- long- tailed (sebacecous glands) |
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Term
| /What are the 2 types of demodex seen in a cat? |
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Definition
d.cati- elongated (hair follicles)-immunosupp or underlying dz
d.gatoi-short stumpy tailed (stranum corneum)- pruritic, contagious (this one is confusing bc it has a different presentation) |
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Term
| What are the historical clues in a dog for demodex? |
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Definition
signalment- juvenile or adult onset
presenting complaint- lesion appearance is progressive with well-demarcated or generalized diffuse alopecia. pruritus can absent or mild
-the dogs are typically young and healthy. if an older dog, look for immunosuppression |
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Term
| What are the historical clues for a cat with demodex? |
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Definition
-adult/aged/ill
- presenting complaint- lesion appearance is progressive with well-demarcated or generalized diffuse alopecia. pruritus can absent or mild
- look for underlying dz |
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Term
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Definition
- squeeze tape
- one skin scraping with capillary ooze
- trichogram
note: count immature so that during treatment you can see if immature are decreasing |
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Term
| What are the exceptions for having demodex despite a skin scraping being negative? |
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Definition
- shar-pei (b/c of thick skin with mucin)
-pododermatitis
- recent miticidal treatment |
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Term
| What is the treatment for localized demodicic lesions? |
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Definition
| no treatment, it will self resolve |
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Term
| What is the treatment for a dog with demodex? |
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Definition
Daily ivermectin for at least 3 months (until you get 2 neg skin scrapings in a row)
- use the cattle/sheep inj ivermectin ORALLY
if a dolycephalic- give low dose and see how they do (can do test, but not always effective)
can use doramectin weekly, but not as good as ivermectin |
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Term
| What is the treatment for a cat with demodex? |
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Definition
- ivermectin EOD(need to be careful about od'ing)
- lime sulfur, b/c only the labeled, not garden variety (only available in states) |
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Term
| What the clinical clues in a cat with dermatophytosis? |
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Definition
- head (face and pinnae)
- well-demarcated to more cubtle alopecia
- miliary dermatitis |
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Term
| What are the clinical clues for a dog with dermaphytosis? |
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Definition
- well darmacted assymetrical alopecia
- extensive severe forms- in yorkies/other terriers, immunosupp
- kerions= highly inflamm with nodular appearance (look like MCT, usually self resolve) |
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Term
| How do you dx dermatophytosis? |
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Definition
cytology
- trichogram
- tape impression
look for fungal spores, hyphae
wood's lamp
- only 50% fluoresce though
fungal culture (flase neg/pos possible)
skin biopsy (though false neg are possible) |
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Term
| What is the treatment for a young animal with dermatophytosis? |
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Definition
- usually self resolves in about 2-3 months
- may want to treatment to hasten resolution and decrease risk of contagion |
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Term
| What is the treatment for dermatophytosis? |
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Definition
1. systemic antifungals (itraconazole, terbinafine, griseofulvin)
2. topical rinse (imaverol)
3. creams (for localized lesions)- miconazole or terbafine cream bid for 3-4 weeks min)
Use miconazole (malaseb) shampoo as an adjunctive treatment |
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Term
| Describe the alopecia seen in an endocrinopathies |
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Definition
| bilaterally SYMMETRICAL (** diff than dermaphytosis*) |
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Term
| Describe the skin of a dog with hypoT |
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Definition
thick puffy, edematous skin
- tragic face, pendulous folds |
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Term
| Describe the skin of a cat with hyperT |
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Definition
patchy alopecia, matted coats
- usually poor grooming (theyre too busy being crazy to groom)
but sometimes are excessive groomers |
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Term
| What are the additional skin signs in a dog with hyperA? |
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Definition
- thin, hypotonic skin (wrinkling)
- easy brusing
- calcinosus cutis |
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Term
| How do you dx endocrinopathies? |
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Definition
1. hematology/biocem/ ua screen
2. skin biopsies (though normally more supportive than dx)
3. more specific:
thyroid:
- total T4 (sensitive) with free T4 (specific)
HyperA
- do a Urine cortisol:creatine ratio, if test is neg--> def not hypera
if test is pos--> do more tests (ideally LDDS test) |
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Term
| What is the treament for hypothyroid in a dog? |
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Definition
- treat 2ndary infections
- oroxine bid, then check 6 weeks later |
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Term
| How do you dx sex hormone dermatoses? |
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Definition
-exclude other endocrinopathies
- test/ovarian neoplasia/cysts--> u/s, fna, histopath
- skin biopsies: histopath (to rule out others) |
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Term
| Describe the presentation of alopecia X |
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Definition
breed: pom, poodle, plush- coated
age: often younger, 1-3yrs
usually males |
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Term
| How do you dx alopecia X? |
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Definition
- exclude other endo.
- exclude hormone abnormalities
- skin biopsy: histopath |
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Term
| What is the treatment of alopecia x? |
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Definition
| - neuter, melatonin, trilostane |
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Term
| You see shiny, smooth alopecia in a cat, what could it be most likely? |
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Definition
| paraneoplastic alopecia (for internal pancreatic/bile duct carcinomas) |
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