Term
What are the 4 layers of the epidermis?
How long does it take for 1 cell to go through the layers? |
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Definition
Deep > Superficial
Basale > Spinosum > Granulosum > Corneum
Mnemonic: Base of Spine, Grains of Corn
30 days |
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Term
What are the 4 cells in the epidermis?
And what do they each do? |
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Definition
Keratinocytes--> barrier to trauma, main cell, makes cytoskeleton and lamellar bodies
Melanocytes--> makes pigment for skin color, protect from UV rays
Merkel Cells- type 1 mechanoreceptors, cytokeratin 20
Langherhans cells--> chief APC in skin, provides immunity, CD1+, Birbeck granules |
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Term
| Which disease is due to NO melanocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Dermal-Epidermal Junction |
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Term
| What are the 3 phases of hair growth? |
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Definition
Anagen- 3yrs- grow
Catagen- weeks- transition- stop dividing
Telogen- months- rest- ready to shed
Mnemonic: ACT years > weeks > months
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Term
| List the primary lesions: |
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Definition
<1cm- Macule, papule, vesicle
>1cm- Patch, plaque/nodule/tumor, bulla
Wheal, Pustule
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Term
| Describe the skin changes in eczema/ atopic dermatitis |
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Definition
Scaly, flaky, erosions
Fissures
Lichenification |
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Term
| Describe the lesions found in psoriasis: |
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Definition
| Papules, plaques, scales, fissures |
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Term
| Name the Secondary Lesions |
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Definition
Scales, crusts, erosions, ulcers, fissures, atrophy
excoriation, lichenification
Mnemonic: Scaly, crusty, erosions on a LEAF
Lichenifciation
Excoration
Atrophy
Fissures |
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Term
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Definition
Burrowing=scaling between fingers- scabies
Comedo= plugged up hair follicle- acne
Cyst
Petechiae (<.5cm)
Purpura (>.5cm)
Telangectasia |
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Term
| What is the classic presentation of psoriasis? |
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Definition
sharply marginated red plaques w/ silvery scales
usually on externsor surfaces, elbows, knees and scalp
nail pitting
psoriatic arthritis- MCPs, asymmetric
Koebner phenomenon or after B-hemolytic strep infection |
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Term
Describe what lichen planus looks like:
What other disease is it associated with? |
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Definition
5 P's
Purple, pruritic polygons with papules and plaques
found on flexors and wrist
assoc. w/ Hep C and cirrhosis
Wickham striae- white lacy plaques in mouth |
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Term
| What does eczematous dermatitis look like? |
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Definition
Puritic, wheepy, excoriated
lichenified |
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Term
What does nummular dermatitis look like?
What is it often caused by? |
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Definition
Coin shaped eczema lesions
caused by dry skin (xerosis) or statins |
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Term
How does stasis dermatitis present?
What causes stasis dermatitis? |
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Definition
shins has pitting edema and cayenne pepper patches
Caused by microangiopathy due to being old, diabetic, hypertensive
RBCs are leaking into the skin |
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Term
| What does pityriasis rosea look like? |
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Definition
Salmon colored macules in a "Christmas tree pattern"
Herald patch- 1 big patch with little ones around it
Mnemonic: "It's a PITY HERALD gave you a ROSE for CHRISTMAS" |
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Term
Tinea versicolor
Where does it usually occur?
What does it look like?
What causes it? And what does this look like on a KOH prep? |
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Definition
Upper trunk and arms
Hypo or hyperpigmented skin due to super small melanosomes
Fungus called Malassezia furfur
Ziti and meat balls |
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Term
What is the most common type of drug eruption?
When does it first occur after the initial dose? |
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Definition
Morbilliform = Maculopapular
7-14 days |
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Term
Erythema multiforme:
What causes it?
What does it look like?
Where is it most often located |
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Definition
Due to HSV or drugs
Target lesions on palms and soles
accompanied by fever and pharyngitis
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Term
SJS vs TEN
What causes them? |
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Definition
Both follow an URI
SJS<10% of BSA
hemorrhagic crusts in mouth
involves 2+ mucosal surfaces
TENs>30% of BSA
skin easily slides off (Nikolsky's sign)
Caused by NSAIDs, antibiotics, anti-epileptics |
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Term
Lupus:
What are the different types? |
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Definition
Acute- malar rash, poikiloderma Poikiloderma- change in pigmentation, telangiectasia, epidermal atrophy
Subacute- anti-Ro, annular, scaly rings on lateral face, back, and chest
Discoid- no systemic disease, head and neck rash with scarring- mainly in blacks |
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Term
| What are the skin changes in dermatomyositis? |
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Definition
Heliotrope rash
Gottron's papules
Shawl sign
Poikiloderma- change in pigmentation, telangiectasia, epidermal atrophy
ragged cuticles due to dilated capillary loops |
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Term
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
What disease is it associated with?
What does it look like? |
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Definition
associated with inflammatory bowel disease
eg Crohn's, ulcerative colitis
"gun metal gray" border
Remember-- DON'T Debride |
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Term
Nevi
What size is associated with a risk of melanoma?
What are the 3 types of melanocytic nevi? |
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Definition
small (<.5cm) and med have no risk of melanoma
large (>20cm) have a risk of melanoma
Junctional- epidermis only- flat, pigmented
Intradermal- dermis only- flesh-colored
Compound- both- pigmented, raised |
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Term
Basal cell carcinoma
What does it look like?
Where is it NOT located? |
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Definition
Pearly yellow nodule with raised edges
NOT on lips or genitals (SCC IS)
Most common cancer in humas
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Term
Squamous cell carcinoma
What can cause it? |
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Definition
UV rays > actinic keratoses
Radiation
Leukoplakia
Burn scars
Chronic ulcers
Immunosuppression/Organ transplants
***On lips and genitalia |
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Term
What are the ABCDE's of melanoma?
How do you measure Breslow thickness?
What causes the worst prognosis? |
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Definition
Asymmetry
Border Irregularity
Color Variation
Diameter >6mm
Evolving
Breslow thickness- measure the depth of the primary tumor but don't count the stratum corneum
Causes of worse prognosis: ulceration, old men, trunk/head/neck, more lymph nodes involved, metastases |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal differentiation of keratin causes keratin plug in hair follicle
neutrophil chemotaxis
1. androgens 2. Propio bacteria 3. genes |
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Term
What 3 things does "atopy" inheritence lead to?
Which antibodies and cells will likely be increased?
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Definition
Eczema
Asthma
Allergic Rhinitis
IgE, eosinophils, Th2 cells |
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Term
What type of atopic dermatitis is life threatening?
What causes it? |
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Definition
Eczema herpeticum
HSV1 or 2 from direct contact with some with a cold sore
"punched out erosions" |
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Term
What 4 symptoms are most associated with measles?
What causes measles? |
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Definition
CCC
Koplick's spots
Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
Paramyxovirus |
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Term
What childhood disease causes:
rash 24 hours after sore throat
strawberry tongue
cervical lymphadenopathy
palatal petechia
What causes the disease? |
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Definition
Nonviral exanthem = Scarlet Fever
Due to Group A B-hemolytic strep |
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Term
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Definition
Highest energy, germicidal, DNA damage
100-290nm |
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Term
| Know absorbers vs reflectors |
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Definition
Absorbers
UVB- SCOPE- Salicylates, Cinnamates, Octocrylenet, PABA, Ensulizole
UVA- Benzophenone- oxy--> UVB, A2
Benzophenone- avo--> UVA1
Mexoryl SX- UVA1
Mexoryl LX- UVB, A
Meradimate- UVA
Tinosorb- UVA
Reflectors: physical blocking- UVA and B
Zinc oxide and titanium oxide
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Term
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Definition
scaly, crusty, erosive, ulcer + LEAF
Lichenification
Excoriation
Atrophy
Fissures
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Term
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Definition
looks like melanoma but more regular
Dark macule lesions with "stuck on" appearance
starts in 40yo's
Occur everywhere EXCEPT mucus membranes, palms, soles |
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