Term
|
Definition
| for growing out most non-fastidious bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fastidious bacteria, gonococcus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gram neg. enteric rods, also lactose fermenters |
|
|
Term
| use for lowenstein/jensen agar |
|
Definition
| promotes the growth of Mycobacteria, esp. the TB bacillus |
|
|
Term
| use for sabouraud dextrose agar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to low oxygen tension (<5%) + some CO2. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-gram pos.
-catalase pos.
-non-motile
-facultative anaerobe
S. AUREUS is beta hemolytic, most staph won't grow on mcconkey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
catalase liberates hydrogen and oxygen from hydrogen peroxide
most bacteria except for streptococci are pos. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta is the the clearing of blood on a blood agar plate
alpha is partial clearing, brown/green zones |
|
|
Term
| how to determine is an organism is Strep pneumo? |
|
Definition
| add a disc, optochin (P disk). S. pneumo is the only alpha-hemalytic streptococci that is sensitive to it |
|
|
Term
| how to test for streptococcal pharyngitis, i.e. with S. pyogenes? |
|
Definition
| add an A-disc, bacitracin. S. pyogenes is the only beta-hemalytic strep that is sensitive to it |
|
|
Term
| what does a lactose test show? |
|
Definition
that something is a lactose-fermenter by changing colors (red because pH goes down). often this is e. coli or kleibsella.
most gram neg rods are not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pseudomonas, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, the Vibrios, and Pasteurella are positive
they will turn blue in a reagent tube within 30 sec. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| useful in detecting cryptococcus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
enzymes present: coagulase, penicillase, catalase
components of cells wall:
-capsule inhibiting opsonization and phagocytosis
-peptidoglycan for osmotic stability
-protein A which binds IgG and causes it to act as a leukocyte chemoattractant
-teichonic acid which is a receptor for bacteriophages
infections usually cause increase in temperature, rash, HYPOtension, and abnormal liver function tests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Starts as local redness and inflammation;
It then spreads;
Blisters then form on the skin;
Squamous layer of the epithelium begins to peel off;
The epithelium does recover, and 2nd infections usually do not occur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an example of “superantigen” disease –
superantingens overly stimulate proliferation of T
cells and release of cytokines which lead to
leakage or destruction of endothelial cells; then,
other severe systemic problems arise.
▪ first discovered in 1980: associated with tampon
use |
|
|
Term
| some pts. on s. epidermidis |
|
Definition
| catalase positive, coagulase neg., novobiocin SENSITIVE, slime layer, forms non-hemolytic colonies on blood agar |
|
|
Term
| some pts. on s. saprophticus |
|
Definition
catalase positive, coagulase neg., novobiocin RESISTENT, common in urinary tract
capsule consists of hyaluronic acid
linked to:
PHARYNGITIS (or sore throat) [mostly Group A strept.]
SCARLET FEVER
TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME (STSS)
Various skin lesions:
o ERYSIPELAS
o CELLULITIS
o PYODERMA
o IMPETIGO
NECROTIZING FASCIITIS: a serious & potentially
life-threatening disseminated skin disorder
RHEUMATIC FEVER: a cardiovascular disorder
ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS: a potentially
serious renal disorder
MENINGITIS |
|
|
Term
| most serious cause of pharyngitis? |
|
Definition
strep pyogenes
can develop into:
rheumatic fever
glomerulonephritis
TRUE OF ALL GROUP A STREP:
contains M protein which prevents phagocytosis
A-disk sensitive (bacitracin)
can serve as a super-antigen |
|
|
Term
| bacteria implicated in neonatal disease, post-pardem sepsis, and meningitis |
|
Definition
| Strept. agalactiae; resistent to bacitracin |
|
|
Term
| some pts. on pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
Definition
-motile
-gram-negative bacillus;
-does not ferment any sugars [forms colorless colonies on MacConkey agar]
-oxidase-POSITIVE
-LPS/endotoxin in its cell wall
-antibiotic resistance is associated with stricture of the porin proteins
-Associated with cystic fibrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Propionibacterium acnes
-gram pos. rod. technically an anaerobe, but can be aerotolerant
-combines with sebum and promotes inflammatory response |
|
|
Term
| what do actinomyces resemble? |
|
Definition
hyphae fungi because they are gram pos. rods which grow in filamentous forms
they colonize the upper airways and have been associated with granulomatous lesions which contain pus and can abscess |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the gram neg diplococcal "gonococcus"; the diplococci may be inside or outside PMNs
can be assymptomatic in women, cause purulent discharge in
extragenital manifestations:
-conjunctivitis
-pharyngitis
-proctitis
-pelvic inflammation (mostly women)
must plate on chocolate agar under micro-aerophilic conditions and also check for oxidase |
|
|
Term
virulence factors in Neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
|
Definition
-capsule
-endotoxin
-IgA protease
-antigenic variation (causes problems for immunity and vaccines)
-pilli (for attachment to host cells) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by treponema pallidum
causes "chancre" lesion which is raised, hard, and necrotic, but painless
-differed from CHANCROID which is soft and painFUL
secondary maculpapular rashes are seen on extremities if primary disease has not been treated
dx is confirmed by serology |
|
|
Term
| what can cause a chancroid? |
|
Definition
•Haemophilusducreyi – a short gram-negative rod; culturable on chocolate agar;
a chancroid is soft and painful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a dsDNA virus causing anogential warts and intraepithelial cervical neoplasia (types 16 and 18 major culprits) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
not really considered an STD because it is part of normal flora, but can cause irritating vaginitis; caused by Candida albicans
often brought on by treatment with another AB, thus allowing the native infection to expand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Caused by a motile, pear-shaped protozoan parasite, Trichomonasvaginalis
an itchy, bad smelling, green yellow vaginal discharge
perform a WHIFF test
-mix swab with 10% KOH, smells fishy is positive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bad smelling discharge of "clue cells" caused by gardnerella vaginalis (gram variable rod)
arise because normal inhabiting lactobacilli are not kept in check to supress gardnerella vaginalis
15-25% of women are affected, possible causes include:
–Having multiple sex partners
–Cigarette Smoking
–Poor nutrition
–Douching
–Using an IUD
-Bad personal hygiene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by HSV-2 a dsDNA virus (type 1 is the type which causes cold sores)
•characterized by painful vesicular and ulcerative lesions of the penis, cervix, vulva, & vagina + localized lymphadenopathy
•Dx: Tzanck smear, culture, serology, molecular tech.
|
|
|
