What is depth perception?

depth perception is  the connection between the cue, and the depth 

What cues are there for depth?

Oculomotor and monocular cues

Oculomotor Cues consist of Vergence and Accommodation  Vergence or Convergence angles are created by eye muscles pulling eyes inward. (cross eyed)

Some Monocular cues are 

pictorial cues: Cues to depth that  you can depict in a picture

Occlusion or interposition  Slight hiding or covering of an

Relative Height. Relative to horizon line

Atmospheric perspective . Blue tinge on distance landscapes

Perspective convergence Parallel lines appear to converge in distance

Texture gradient Texture appears smaller and closer as distance increases

Shading / shadows Light from above heuristic

Relative Size

Familiar Size

When we move, objects that are closer to us move further on the retina than objects that are far away.   This is the definition of what? What other movement produced monocular cue is there?

motion parallax When we move, objects that are closer to us move further on the retina than objects that are far away.

acceeration & deletion which is effective up to 20 meters

How is binocular depth information gathered?

Through Binocular Disparity: the difference in the positions of images in the two eyes. This difference provides a depth cue called stereopsis stereopsis, on its own provides excellent depth information

The horopter is defined by the set of corresponding points for a given fixation location… An object can be located beyond the horopter (uncrossed disparity) or in front of the horopter (crossed disparity).  

What are the types of 3D systems and how do they work?

Three types of 3D display systems:  Passive, Active & Lenticular

Passive 3D uses colored filter sand Polarized light used in Digital cinemas

 Active 3D : presented using electronic shutters (3D TVs)

Lenticular 3D  : directs light to each eye separately  

Explain size perception and the associated study and equation

perception of an object’s size depends strongly on our perception of depth. As depth information is removed, our ability to judge the real size of an object is degraded

large object far away can have the exact same size on the retina as a small object presented close-up.  

The size of an image on the retina is talked about in terms of its visual angle. 

Holway and Boring’s size perception experiment positioned a participant on a chair and would present test circles on a screen either in front of or to the side of the participant Found As depth-cues were eliminated, perceived size came closer to the retinal size 

Size constancy equation proposed by Gregory relates size to distance:  S = K ( R x D) Perceived size (S) is equal to a constant (K) times the retinal image size (R) times the perceived distance of the object (D). 

Emmert’s Law states the size of an afterimage will vary with viewing distance.  Size will Increase along with distance

What is the Ames room and what explanations are there for the phenomenon it demonstrates?

Two people of equal size appear very different in size in the Ames roo

constructed so that: The shape looks like a normal room when viewed with one eye. the left corner twice as far away as the right corner

One possible explanation is size-distance scaling  Another possible explanation is relative size

What are the two arrangements of eyes and their benefits?

Frontal eyes, which, are necessary for binocular disparity.

Lateral eyes  provide a wider view.