Term
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Definition
| Materials that are made of large, long molecules formed by chemically reacting molecular building blocks called monomers. |
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Term
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Definition
| The chemical reactions that links the monomers together to produce a polymer |
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Definition
| Polyethylene materials that can be remelted and reprocessed |
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Definition
| Polymers that decompose and can not be remelted or reprocessed |
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Definition
| Used for dentures and partials. At one time they were used for anterior restorations, but failed to last. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1960's dental composites were developed and replaced dental acrylic resins for anterior fillings |
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Term
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Definition
- Combination of two materials.
- 2 Phases:
- Composite matrix
- Composite Fillers
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Term
| What typicalls is the monomer for a polymer? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The phase that polymerized to form a solid mass and bonds to the tooth structure |
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Term
| What are the composite matrix short comings? |
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Definition
- It is the weakest, least wear-resistant phase of a dental composite material
- It absorbs water and can stain and discolor
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Term
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Definition
| Give the matrix proper strength and hardness to withstand the forces of the mouth. |
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Term
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Definition
| The particle size of the filler gives the composite its smooth or rough feel and apperance. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of filler also affects the composite. As the filler content increases the resin (matrix) content decreases but it increases the abrasion resistance and makes the composite harder. |
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Term
| What are the two components of fillers that are molecular? |
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Definition
1. Silane Coupling Agent
2. The Polymerization System |
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Term
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Definition
| Must be compatible with the filler and the matrix and help bond the filler and the matrix together. |
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Term
| The Polymerization System? |
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Definition
Used to convert the matrix-filler psate to a solid composite material.
(add it to the polymerization) |
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Term
| What are the two systems of the Polymerization System? |
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Definition
1. Chemically Activated Materials
2. Light-Activated Materials |
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Term
| When was the first composite developed? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Large sized filler particles gives a rough feel and appearance.
- When rubbed with an explorer it leaves a gray line
- Plaque accumulation and staining is greater
- Not used much anymore
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Term
| What class is a macrofilled composite used for? |
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Definition
| Class III, IV and V restorations |
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Term
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Definition
- Developed in the late 1970's
- Particle size is smaller than macro
- Problem is the low % of filler
- Not used for posterior teeth and biting forces
- Class IV and V
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Term
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Definition
- Developed in the late 1980's
- Strong and polish well
- Average size filler particle
- Very popular
- Class I, II, III and IV
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Term
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Definition
Pits and Fissures
(particularly posterior teeth) |
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Term
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Definition
| Caries or restorations on the proximal (distal or mesial) surfaces of the molars and premolars |
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Term
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Definition
| Interproximal carries on the anterior teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| Incisal angle of anterior teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| Gingival third of the facial and lingual surfaces of both anterior and posterior teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| Cusp tip of posterior teeth or incisial edge of anterior teeth |
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Term
| Steps in addition polymerizations? |
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Definition
1. Initiation
2. Propagation
3. Termination |
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Term
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Definition
Chemically bond to enamel & dentin & release fluoride overtime.
- Opaque color (tooth)
- Great for high carries risk patients
- Used when force is not an issue (Class V)
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Term
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Definition
| Made by mixing equal parts of powdered allow w/ liquid mercury |
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Term
| What is the mixing process for amalgam termed? |
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Definition
| Amalgamation or trituration |
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Term
| How are amalgam fillings held in? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Happens when two different metals touch
(happens with amalgam) |
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Term
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Definition
- Toxic to the kidneys and CNS of the nervous system
- Always use a HVE when messing w/ amalgam
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Term
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Definition
- May be used in small restoration
- Comes in powder wrapped foil, rope gold & mat gold
- Used for Class I, II, III and V
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Term
| Direct Restorative materials? |
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Definition
| Materials that are placed directly into the mouth without the need for an impression or dental lab |
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Term
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Definition
| Materials that are constructed outside of the patients mouth. Usually these restorations are made in dental lab |
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Term
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Definition
| Materials that cannot be removed from the oral cavity. These restorations are luted into place. |
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Term
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Definition
Intracoronal restorations that replace small to medium amounts of the tooth strucutre and lay within the tooth. (not on cusps)
Class I and Class II |
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Term
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Definition
AKA Overlay
-Almost the same as the inlay but involved the cusp |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin layer of material that covers another material. This is a shell like material usually made out of porcelain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Restoration that is placed on a tooth that has had significant loss of tooth structure or if the crown of the natural tooth is cracked. |
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Term
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Definition
| A combinations of indirect restorations |
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Term
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Definition
| A bridge replaces a missing tooth or several teeth. Like a crown on both ends w/ a prosthetic tooth in the middle. |
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Term
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Definition
Most metallic indirect restorations are made by a casting process. Melting metal & forcing it into a mold.
Works well in high stress areas |
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Term
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Definition
| Used when esthetics are important. Simulate the natural tooth color and translucencu of a natural tooth. Most common material is pocelain |
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Term
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Definition
| A metal & ceramic combination restoration. This is a gold crown or bridge that is covered w/ porcelain. "Porcelain fused to metal" |
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Term
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Definition
| A material that can stick to a flat surface or bond two flat surfaces together |
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Term
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Definition
Using surface irregularities smaller than can be seen with the naked eye or felt with a dental explorer.
SMOOTH |
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Term
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Definition
Using a type of adhesion that can be felt w/ a dental explorer or can be seen w/ the naked eye
ROUGH |
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Term
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Definition
Luting agents
Pulp Protection
Temporary Restorations
Cavity Sealers |
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Term
| Powders used in dental cements? |
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Definition
- Zinc Oxide
- Powdered Glass
- Reactivity of Powders
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Term
| Liquids used in Dental Cements? |
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Definition
- Eugenol
- Phosphoric Acid
- Polyacrylic Acid
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Term
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Definition
Zinc Oxide-Eugenol
When zinc oxide powder is mixed with eugenol |
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Term
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Definition
| When zinc oxide powder is mixed w/ phosphoric acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Glass powder mixed with an equaous solution of polyacrylic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Zinc oxide powder mixed with an aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Available in different sizes and may be purchased over the counter |
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Term
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Definition
"boil and bite"
Material is heated in water and then placed in the mouth. Over the counter |
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Term
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Definition
| Impressions taken, gypsum cast is made and mouthguard fabricated in the dental office. |
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Term
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Definition
Ideal for patients that have a high prevalance for dental decay.
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Term
| Fluoride gels (percentages) |
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Definition
Acidulated phosphate 0.5%
Sodium fluoride 1.1% or Stannous Fluoride 0.4% |
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Term
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Definition
| Holds the space for a tooth that needs to come into place when a primary tooth has been lost prematurely |
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Term
| Extrinsic stain vs. Intrinsic stain? |
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Definition
Ex-Occurs on the surface of the tooth.
Causes- Foods, drinks and tobacco
In- Occurs within the tooth structure
Causes- Post eruptive stain and pre-eruptive stain |
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Term
| Ingrediants in whitening agents? |
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Definition
Hydrogen proxide and Carbamide peroxide
Sodium perborate used in nonvital teeth |
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Term
| One problem w/ polymers is their high coefficients of thermal expansion. These coefficients can be ________ to __________ times greater than that of the tooth. |
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Definition
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Term
| What advantages do microfill composites have compared to macrofilled composites? |
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Definition
| Smooth and lustrous polished surface |
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Term
| Which of the following characteristics best desccribes chemical-cure composite restorative materials? |
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Definition
| May incorporate air bubbles during mixing |
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Term
| A specific amount of composite (thickness) that is cured by a light source is termed? |
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Definition
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Term
| The size of the filler particles in a dental composite determines the? |
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Definition
| Surface smoothness of the resulting restoration |
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Term
| The _____ composite restorative materials are those with lower viscosity (decreased filler) to aid in placement? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hybrid composites are recommended for? |
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Definition
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Term
| A combination of pits and fissure sealant and a composite restorative is termed? |
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Definition
| Preventive resin restoration |
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Term
| Abrasion resistance for hybrid composite restorative materials is said to be? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thermal expansion for microfill composite restorative material is considered to be? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which composite material has the largest percentage of filler by weight? |
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Definition
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Term
| Composite materials that polymerize using light activation are? |
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Definition
| Supplied as a single paste |
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Term
| A restorative material that initially releases some fluoride like glass ionmers but bonds and sets like composites is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following best describes microfill composite materials? |
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Definition
| Polishability is very good, strength is low |
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Term
| An amalgam restoration located on the gingival third of tooth #3 would be what class? |
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Definition
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Term
What element is used in the highest amount in an amalgam restoration?
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Definition
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Term
| Amalgam is strongest in _______ strength after is has set? |
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Definition
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Term
| The elements composing the gamm-two phase (weakest and most corrosion-prone phase) of the amalgam reaction are? |
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Definition
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Term
| The function of silver in the amalgam reaction is to? |
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Definition
| Increase strength and corrosion resistance |
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Term
| Control of the mercury content during mixing and condensing of amalgam must be carefully considered because? |
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Definition
| The lower the mercury content, the higher the strength and the lower the marginal breakdown |
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Term
| The single most important feature that accounts for the clinical success of amalgam restorations is? |
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Definition
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Term
| The manufactures of dental amalgam control everything except? |
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Definition
| Proper trituraton technique |
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Term
| An amalgam restoration that has been finished and polised? |
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Definition
| Reduces the ability of plaque to adhere, Resists tarnish and corrosion and is most likely to have continous margins with tooth structure |
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Term
| In the low-copper or traditional amalgam reaction, tin reacts with mercury. In the high-copper alamgam reaction, tin reacts with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ashley was condensing an amalgam during lab and she noticed that the triturated amalgam had a softer, "mushy" feel. She most likely used what type of alloy in the mixed amalgam? |
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Definition
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Term
| Just after Jennifer triturated her amalgam the apperance of it was "crumbly" and dry. It already looked set. The amalgam was most likely? |
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Definition
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Term
| It has been reported in scientific literature that ______ of dental patients have a TRUE mercury allergy? |
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Definition
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Term
| The use of gold foil is limited to small restorations because of its? |
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Definition
| Low strength compared to other restorative materials |
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Term
| Postage stamps are now self-adhesive. The stamp is referred to as the ______ and the sticky material on the back of the stamp is termed _____? |
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Definition
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Term
| Orthophospheric acid is commonly used in a ______ concentration? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do primary teeth need to be etched longer than permanent teeth? |
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Definition
| The enamel rods are less regularly arranged than on permanent teeth |
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Term
| Dentinal bonding systems function by way of? |
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Definition
| Micromechanical bonding and secondary atomic bonds |
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Term
| The "dentin debris" that is created when dentin is cut or prepared by dental instruments is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The use of bondning in dentisty serves what functions? |
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Definition
- Reduction of recurrent caries
- Reduction of microleakage
- Retention of restorations
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Term
| An adhesive mechanism of a dentinal bonding system is a hybrid layer. It is composed of? |
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Definition
| Resin and decalcified dentin |
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Term
| If a mold that is created for investing and casting does not _______ to compensate for the action of the metal alloy, the casting will not fit? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most obvious purpose of the investment is to? |
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Definition
| Form the mold for the casting |
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Term
| Porcelain is "best suited" for what? |
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Definition
| Veneers on anterior teeth |
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Term
| The crown portion of a dental bridge is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What wax is hard, leaves no burnout residue and has a higher melting temp? |
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Definition
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Term
| A 33% gold alloy may also be expressed as? |
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Definition
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Term
| The term used to define the process of firing porcelain powder to become a solid is? |
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Definition
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Term
| An onlay is considered to be what type of restoration? |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for a provisional restoration is a _____ restoration? |
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Definition
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Term
| Silver is classified as what type of metal? |
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Definition
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Term
| An advantage of bonding porcelain to metal is? |
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Definition
| A precise fit of the metal |
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Term
| The term nonvital may be used to dsecribe a tooth that has? |
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Definition
- Been treated w/ a root canal
- A necrotic pulp
- No pulp tissue in the pulp cavity
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Term
| A tooth treatment that tequires no removal of tooth structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Teeth with a moderate degree of what are the most difficult to whiten? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common esthetic procedure in dentistry? |
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Definition
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Term
| When should a bleached tooth be restoraed with a composite restoration? |
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Definition
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