Term
|
Definition
| Process of roughening a solid surface by exposing it to an acid and thoroughly rinsing the residue to promote micromechanical bonding of an adhesive to the surface. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A material substrate that is bonded to another material by means of an adhesive |
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Term
|
Definition
| Force of molecular attraction between molecules or atoms of the same |
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Term
|
Definition
| Angle of intersection between a liquid and a surface of a solid that is measured from the solid surface through the liquid to the liquid/vapor tangent line originating at the terminus of the liquid/solid interface; used as a measure of wettability, whereby no wetting occurs at a contact angle of 180° and complete wetting occurs at an angle of 0°. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Proportionality constant representing the amount of a substance diffusing through a unit area and a unit thickness under the influence of a unit concentration gradient at a given temperature. |
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Term
| Glass transition temperature |
|
Definition
| .Temperature at which a sharp increase in the thermal expansion coefficient occurs, indicating increased molecular mobility. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thermal energy required to convert a solid to a vapor. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thermal energy required to convert a solid to a liquid |
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Term
| Linear coefficient of expansion |
|
Definition
| Relative linear change in length per unit of initial length during heating of a solid per °K within a specified temperature range. |
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Term
| Melting temperature (melting point). |
|
Definition
| Equilibrium temperature at which heating of a pure metal, compound, or eutectic alloy produces a change from a solid to liquid. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Primary bond between metal atoms |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mechanical adhesion associated with bonding of an adhesive to a roughened adherend surface. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thermally driven transfer of an atom to an adjacent lattice site in a crystal composed of the same atomic species. |
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Term
|
Definition
| State of elevated stress in a solid caused by surface or internal defects or by marked changes in contour. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A liquid that has been cooled at a sufficiently rapid rate to a point below the temperature at which an equilibrium phase change can occur. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Interfacial tension, usually between a liquid and a solid surface, which occurs because of unbalanced intermolecular forces. |
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Term
|
Definition
| .Relative affinity of a liquid for the surface of a solid. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Relative interfacial tension between a liquid and a solid substrate that results in a contact angle of less than 90°. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A surface-active substance that reduces the surface tension of a liquid to promote wetting or adhesion. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Short-range force of physical attraction that promotes adhesion between molecules of liquids or molecular crystals. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Degree of saturation of a particular hue. |
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Term
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (linear coefficient of expansion): |
|
Definition
| Change in length per unit of original length of a material when its temperature is raised 1° K. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sensation induced from light of varying wavelengths reaching the eye. |
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Term
|
Definition
| :An electrochemical corrosion cell in which the potential difference is associated with the difference in concentration of a dissolved species, such as oxygen, in solution along different areas of a metal surface. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chemical or electrochemical process in which a solid, usually a metal, is attacked by an environmental agent, resulting in partial or complete dissolution. Although glasses and other nonmetals are susceptible to environmental degradation, metals are generally more susceptible to such attack because of electrochemical reactions. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Time-dependent plastic strain of a material under a static load or constant stress. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Accelerated corrosion in narrow spaces caused by localized electrochemical processes and chemistry changes, such as acidification and depletion in oxygen content. Crevice corrosion commonly occurs when microleakage takes place between a restoration and the tooth, under a pellicle layer, or under other surface deposits. |
|
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Term
| Galvanic corrosion (electrogalvanism): |
|
Definition
| Accelerated attack occurring on a less noble metal when electrochemically dissimilar metals are in electrical contact within a liquid corrosive environment. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pain sensation caused by the electric current generated when two dissimilar metals are brought into contact in the oral environment. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Resistance of a material to being indented, cut, or scratched. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dominant color of an object, for example, red, green, or blue. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Phenomenon in which the color of an object under one type of light appears to change when illuminated by a different light source. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Highly localized corrosion occurring on base metals, such as iron, nickel, and chromium, which are protected by a naturally forming, thin film of an oxide. In the presence of chlorides in the environment, the film locally breaks down and rapid dissolution of the underlying metal occurs in the form of pits. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Study of the deformation and flow characteristics of matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| :Irreversible (plastic) deformation of metal frameworks of fixed partial dentures in the firing temperature range of ceramic veneers. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Degradation caused by the combined effects of mechanical stress and a corrosive environment, usually exhibited as cracking. |
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Term
|
Definition
| :Process by which a metal surface is dulled or discolored when a reaction with a sulfide, oxide, chloride, or other chemical causes a thin film to form. |
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Term
| Thermal conductivity (coefficient of thermal conductivity): |
|
Definition
| Property that describes the thermal energy transport in watts per second through a specimen 1 cm thick with a cross-sectional area of 1 cm2 when the temperature differential between the surfaces of the specimen perpendicular to the heat flow is 1° K. |
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Term
|
Definition
Property of certain gels or other materials to become liquefied (less viscous) when shaken, stirred, patted, or vibrated.
May occur with increasing temperatures.
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Term
|
Definition
| Relative lightness or darkness of a color. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Resistance of a fluid to flow. |
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Term
| Wear, abrasion, and erosion |
|
Definition
| Loss of material from a surface caused by a mechanical action or through a combination of chemical and mechanical actions. |
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Term
|
Definition
| has often been used as an index of the ability of a material to resist abrasion or wear. Hardness alone may be inappropriate for evaluating either the wear resistance or abrasiveness of different classes of materials, such as a metallic material compared with a synthetic resin. |
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Term
|
Definition
| leads to distortion of elastomeric impressions. |
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Term
|
Definition
| is the principal hard deposit, and its color varies from light yellow to brown. The soft deposits are plaques and films composed mainly of microorganisms and mucin. |
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Term
| Strength of a material can be described by one or more of the following properties: |
|
Definition
(1) proportional limit, the stress above which stress is no longer proportional to strain;
(2) elastic limit, the maximum stress a material can withstand before it becomes plastically deformed;
(3) yield strength or proof stress, the stress required to produce a given amount of plastic strain;
(4) ultimate tensile strength, shear strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength, each of which is a measure of stress required to fracture a material. |
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Term
|
Definition
| :Process in which bone or other living tissue becomes integrated with an implanted material with no intervening space. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal antigen-antibody reaction to a substance that is harmless to most individuals (see Hypersensitivity). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal clinical reaction or exaggerated immune response to a foreign substance that is manifested by one or more of the following signs and symptoms (among others): breathing difficulty, erythema, itching, sneezing, swelling, and vesicles. The most relevant dental situations are Type I hypersensitivity (immediate reaction) and Type IV hypersensitivity (delayed reaction) according to the Gell and Coombs classification of immune responses. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ability of a chemical to act in the body in a manner similar to that of estrogen, the female sex hormone. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process in which living bony tissue forms to within 100 Å of the implant surface without any intervening fibrous connective tissue. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dose-related potential of a material to cause cell or tissue death. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A chemical, not indigenous to the body, that acts in the body in a manner similar to that of estrogen. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process that produces an allergy antibody, which reacts specifically to the causative foreign substance. |
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Term
| * An allergic reaction results histologically in an inflammatory response that can be difficult to differentiate from a nonallergic inflammation or low-grade toxicity . |
|
Definition
*Type I refers to an immediate atopic or anaphylactic reaction when an antigen interacts with mast cells or basophils. *Type II is a cytotoxic hypersensitivity reaction.
*Type III is an immune complex hypersensitivity reaction.
*Type IV indicates a delayed or cell-mediated hypersensitivity.
*Type V is a stimulating-antibody reaction
*Type VI refers to an antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity reaction. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the lowest temperature at which a volatile material evaporates (ex: alcohol, acetone). |
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Term
|
Definition
| – acidic material or a strong base that can cause damage to skin, clothes or materials in the office. |
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Term
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) |
|
Definition
| – binder containing printed product reports from the manufacturer or how to handle any product that you have in the office. You MUST have this in paper in your office so that staff have it readily available. |
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Term
|
Definition
| reactions of opposing chemical substances |
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Term
|
Definition
| a cloudlike mist containing microbes such as bacteria, viruses, mold, fungi, and yeast. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Extremely small particles, gypsum, alginate, microblasting materials, acrylic resins from finishing and polishing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| n 1. a wax model for making the mold in which the metal will be formed in casting. n 2. a wax form of a denture that, when it is invested in a flask and the wax is eliminated, will form the mold in which the resin denture is formed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dental wax provided in sheet form that is used to establish the initial arch form in the construction of complete dentures. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A wax form used to record the occlusal surfaces of teeth as an aid to establish maxillomandibular relationships. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A sheet wax used as a border at the perimeter of an impression to provide an enclosed boundary for the base of the cast to be made from a poured material such as gypsum or resin. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A thermoplastic wax used to make a type of dental impression; also called dental impression wax. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A low-molecular-weight ester of fatty acids derived from natural and synthetic components such as petroleum derivatives that soften to a plastic state at a relatively low temperature. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Method by which a wax pattern is made directly on the prepared tooth in the mouth. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tendency of a solid wax form to partially return to its original shape when it is stored at a temperature higher than that to which it was cooled. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The relative ability of wax to plastically deform when it is heated slightly above mouth temperature. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Method by which a wax pattern is prepared on a die. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A specialized dental wax that can be applied to dies to form direct or indirect patterns for the lost-wax technique used for casting metals or hot pressing of ceramics. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A variety of dental wax that exhibits relatively good adhesion to dry, clean surfaces when it is heated to a plastic condition. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Relative ability of a material to deform plastically under a tensile stress before it fractures. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Basically the ability to deform something and for it to come back to shape. (Mechanical Properties) |
|
|
Term
| coefficient of thermal expansion |
|
Definition
| a number indicating the amount of expansion caused by each degree of temperature change. The rate of change in restorative materials and tooth substance should be relatively the same. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Unoccupied atom lattice site in a crystalline solid. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Relative inability of a material to deform plastically. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ratio of compressive force to cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axis of applied force. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Compressive stress within a compression test specimen at the point of fracture. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The ability of a material to sustain considerable permanent deformation without rupture under compression, as in hammering or rolling into a sheet, |
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Term
|
Definition
| Force per unit area at the point of fracture of a test specimen subjected to flexural loading. |
|
|
Term
| Flexural stress (Bending stress) |
|
Definition
| Force per unit area of a material subjected to flexural loading. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The critical stress intensity factor at the beginning of rapid crack propagation in a solid containing a crack of known shape and size. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Maximum amount of plastic strain a tensile test specimen can sustain before it fractures (See Ductility). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Deformation that is not recoverable when the externally applied force is removed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Force per unit area acting on the external surface of a material. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The relative amount of elastic energy per unit volume released on unloading of a test specimen. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ratio of force to the original cross-sectional area parallel to the direction of the force applied to a test specimen. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Maximum shear stress at the point of fracture of a test specimen. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ratio of applied force to the actual cross-sectional area; however, for convenience stress is often calculated as the ratio of applied force to the initial cross-sectional area. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Force per unit area within a structure subjected to an external force or pressure (See Pressure). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Area or point of significantly higher stress associated with a structural discontinuity such as a crack or pore or a marked change in dimension of a structure. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Change in length per unit initial length. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A measure of the relative amount of increased stress at the tip of a crack of a given shape and size when the crack surfaces are displaced in the opening mode (See also Fracture toughness). |
|
|
Term
| Strain hardening (Work hardening) |
|
Definition
| Increase in strength and hardness and corresponding decrease in ductility of a metal that is caused by plastic deformation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Change in strain per unit time during loading of a structure. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Maximum stress that a structure can withstand without sustaining a specific amount of plastic strain (yield strength) or stress at the point of fracture (ultimate strength). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ratio of tensile force to the original cross-sectional area perpendicular to direction of applied force. |
|
|
Term
| Tensile strength (Ultimate tensile strength) |
|
Definition
| Tensile stress (in a tensile test specimen) at the point of fracture. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ability of a material to absorb elastic energy and to deform plastically before fracturing; measured as the total area under a plot of tensile stress vs. tensile strain. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The stress at which a test specimen exhibits a specific amount of plastic strain. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| ability of a material to elicit an appropriate biological response in given application of the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a material that is designed to implanted in the body for the repair/replacement of a diseased or damaged tissue. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of heating an invested mold to eliminate the embedded wax or plastic pattern. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of removing the investment from a casting or hot-pressed ceramic. |
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Term
|
Definition
The amount of setting expansion that occurs when a gypsum-bonded casting investment is immersed in water (usually heated to approximately 38° C [100° F]).
Side notes:We do this with casting to increase the number of grains to increase metal strength. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Capable of sustaining exposure to a high temperature without significant degradation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The mold channel through which molten metal or ceramic flows into the mold cavity. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Wax form consisting of the prosthesis pattern with attached sprue network. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A crystalline substance with metallic properties that is composed of two or more chemical elements, at least one of which is a metal. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A cast alloy microstructure consisting of highly elongated crystals with a branched morphology rather than equiaxed grains. |
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|
Term
| Equiaxed grain microstructure |
|
Definition
| A cast alloy microstructure in which all of the grains have similar dimensions. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A microscopic single crystal in the microstructure of a metallic material. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Formation of solid nuclei on the mold walls or on particles within the molten metal. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Formation of solid nuclei that takes place at random locations within a supercooled molten metal in a clean, inert container. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An element or alloy whose atomic structure readily loses electrons to form positively charged ions, and which exhibits metallic bonding (through a spatial extension of valence electrons), opacity, good light reflectance from a polished surface, and high electrical and thermal conductivity. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Structural appearance of a metal revealed by microscopic imaging of the chemically or electrolytically etched surface of a flat, polished specimen. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stable cluster of atoms of a new phase that forms within a parent phase, such as during the solidification of a metal. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A homogeneous, physically distinct, and mechanically separable region of a metal microstructure. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of hardening certain alloys by controlled heating and cooling, which usually is associated with a phase change. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A substance such as graphite that prevents flow of molten solder on areas coated by the substance. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A metal that readily oxidizes or dissolves to release ions. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of building up a localized area with a filler metal or joining two or more metal parts by heating them to a temperature below their solidus temperature and filling the gap between them with a molten filler metal that has a liquidus temperature above 450° C (840° F). In comparison with welding, fusion of the metal surfaces does not usually occur during this process. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of joining two components of a fixed partial denture by means of casting molten metal into an interlocking region between the invested components. This procedure is sometimes preferred for base metal alloys because of the technique sensitivity associated with brazing or soldering these alloys. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of plastically deforming a metal (usually at room temperature) that is accompanied by strain hardening. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Metal substructure for a cast-metal or veneered-metal prosthesis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of cutting or grinding a desired shape to the same dimensions as a master pattern in a manner similar to that used for cutting a key blank from a master key. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Compound applied to metal surfaces that dissolves or prevents the formation of oxides and other undesirable substances that may reduce the quality or strength of a soldered or brazed area. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refractory material used to form a mold cavity for cast metals or hot-pressed ceramics. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Temperature at which an alloy begins to freeze on cooling or at which the metal is completely molten on heating. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process in which a wax pattern, prepared in the shape of missing tooth structure, is embedded in a casting investment and burned out to produce a mold cavity into which molten metal is cast. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A thin metal or alloy that can be plastically deformed to produce a coping for a metal-ceramic crown. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Gold and platinum group metals (platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium), which are highly resistant to oxidation and dissolution in inorganic acids. Gold and platinum do not oxidize at any temperature, rhodium has excellent oxidation resistance at all temperatures, osmium and ruthenium form volatile oxides, and palladium and iridium form oxides in the temperature ranges of 400° to 800° C and 600° to 1000° C, respectively. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of brazing or soldering two or more metal components of a prosthesis after the metal substructure has been veneered with a ceramic. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of brazing or soldering two or more metal components of a prosthesis before a ceramic veneer is fired or hot-pressed on the structure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process of building up a localized area with a filler metal or joining two or more metal components by heating them to a temperature below their solidus temperature and filling the gap between them using a molten metal with a liquidus temperature below 450° C (840° F). In comparison with welding, fusion of the joined alloy part(s) does not usually occur during this process. Bonding of the molten solder to the metal parts results from flow by capillary attraction between the parts without appreciably affecting the dimensions of the joined structure. In dentistry, many metals are joined by brazing, although the term soldering is commonly used. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Temperature at which an alloy becomes solid on cooling or at which the metal begins to melt on heating. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process in which the hardness of a metal increases during cold working. This phenomenon is usually accompanied by an increase in strength and a decrease in percentage elongation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of fusing two or more metal parts through the application of heat, pressure, or both, with or without a filler metal, to produce a localized union across an interface between the parts. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Controlled heating and cooling process designed to produce desired properties in a metal. The annealing process usually is intended to soften metals, to increase their plastic deformation potential, to stabilize shape, and to increase machinability (see stress relief). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rupture of a solid structure with little or no fractographic evidence of plastic deformation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Imperfection in the crystalline arrangement of atoms consisting of either an extra partial plane of atoms (edge dislocation), a spiral distortion of normally parallel atom planes (screw dislocation), or a combination of the two types. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rupture of a solid structure that results in measurable plastic deformation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increase in the mean crystal size of a polycrystalline metal produced by a heat-treatment process. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of reducing the crystal (grain) size in a solid metal by adding an element or compound to the molten metal and cooling at a prescribed rate. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Imperfection in a crystal lattice consisting of an extra atom located between the adjacent atoms in normal lattice sites. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Lattice imperfection of atomic size in three dimensions, such as a vacancy, divacancy, trivacancy, or interstitial atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process of strengthening and hardening a metal by precipitating a phase or constituent from a saturated solid solution. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stage of heat treatment that results in the partial or total regaining of properties of a metal that were altered by work hardening (cold working), without a change in the grain structure. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Process of forming new stress-free crystals in a work-hardened metal through a controlled heat-treatment process. |
|
|
Term
| Recrystallization temperature |
|
Definition
| Lowest temperature at which total recrystallization of a work-hardened structure occurs within a specific period (usually 1 hr). |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Amount of elastic strain that a metal can recover when loaded to and unloaded from its yield strength (important for orthodontic wires). |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Increase in strength and hardness and decrease in ductility of a metal that is caused by plastic deformation below the recrystallization temperature; also called work hardening. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduction or elimination of residual stresses by heat treatment. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Ability of certain nickel-titanium alloys to undergo extensive deformation resulting from a stress-assisted phase transformation, with the reverse transformation occurring on unloading; called pseudoelasticity in engineering materials science. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Maximum amount of elastic strain that an orthodontic wire can sustain before it plastically deforms. |
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Term
|
Definition
| n See strength, shear and strength, ultimate. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| to volatilize any contaminants collected on the surface. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Usually see it with hydrocolloid alginate (or agar). Because the water content of such a gel has a considerable infuluence on the dimensional stability of the impression material. Loss of water results in shrinkage (SYNERSESI); and uptake of water produces swelling (IMPBIBITION)
-recommend a damp towel over impression to prevent loss of moisture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Usually see it with hydrocolloid alginate (or agar). Because the water content of such a gel has a considerable infuluence on the dimensional stability of the impression material. Loss of water results in shrinkage (SYNERSESI); and uptake of water produces swelling (IMPBIBITION)
-recommend a damp towel over impression to prevent loss of moisture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process through which sufficient energy is provided to induce an initiator to generate free radicals and cause polymerization to begin. The three sources of energy commonly used with dental resins include heat, chemicals, and light. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A source of energy used to activate an initiator and produce free radicals. Three possible energy sources can be used to dissociate an initiator into free radicals: (1) heat that supplies thermal energy; (2) an electron-donating chemical such as a tertiary amine that forms a complex and reduces the necessary thermal energy to that available at ambient temperature; or (3) visible light that supplies energy for photoinitiation in the presence of a photosensitizer such as camphorquinone (CQ). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The configuration factor or ratio between the bonded surface area of a resin-based composite restoration to the unbonded or free surface area. |
|
|
Term
| Chemically activated resin |
|
Definition
| A resin system consisting of two pastes (one containing a benzoyl peroxide [BP] initiator and the other an aromatic tertiary amine activator) which, when mixed together, release free radicals that initiate polymerization. |
|
|
Term
| Chemically cured composite |
|
Definition
| A particle-filled resin that is polymerized through a chemically activated process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In materials and science, a solid formed from two or more distinct phases (e.g., particles in a metal matrix) that have been combined to produce properties superior to or intermediate to those of the individual constituents; also a term used in dentistry to describe a dental composite. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bonding agent applied to filler particles to ensure chemical bonding to the resin matrix. |
|
|
Term
| Degree of conversion (DC) |
|
Definition
| The percentage of carbon-carbon bonds converted to single bonds to form a polymeric resin; also, the percentage of polymerized methacrylate groups. |
|
|
Term
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Definition
| A highly cross-linked polymeric material reinforced by a dispersion of amorphous silica, glass, crystalline, or organic resin filler particles and/or short fibers bonded to the matrix by a coupling agent. |
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Definition
| The thickness of a resin that can be converted from a monomer to a polymer under a specific light-curing condition. |
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| A dental composite that contains both chemically activated and light-activated components to initiate polymerization and potentially overcome the limitations of the chemical cure or light-cure systems, which include porosity incorporated during mixing and limits on depth of cure, respectively. |
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Definition
| The potential of synthetic chemicals with a binding affinity for estrogen receptors to cause reproductive alterations. |
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| The inorganic and/or organic resin particles that are designed to strengthen a composite, decrease thermal expansion, minimize polymerization shrinkage, and reduce the amount of swelling caused by water sorption. |
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Definition
| A hybrid composite with reduced filler level and a more narrow particle size distribution that increases flow and promotes intimate adaptation to prepared tooth surfaces. |
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Definition
| A particle-filled resin that contains a graded blend of small and colloidal silica filler particles to achieve an optimal balance among the properties of strength, polymerization shrinkage, wear resistance, and polishability. |
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Definition
| A chemical added to resin systems to provide increased working time and extended storage life by minimizing spontaneous polymerization. |
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Definition
| A free radical-forming chemical used to start the polymerization reaction. It enters into the chemical reaction and becomes part of the final polymer compound; thus it is not a catalyst. |
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Definition
| A particle-filled resin consisting of a single paste that becomes polymerized through the use of a photosensitive initiator system (CQ and an amine initiator) and a light source activator (visible blue light). |
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Definition
| Colloidal silica filler particles, approximately 0.04 µm in size, which reinforce resin materials and form a composite that can be polished to a highly smooth surface. |
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Definition
| The thin surface region of a polymerized resin that contains unreacted methacrylate groups associated with exposure to oxygen. |
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Definition
| A hybrid resin composite designed for use in posterior areas, where a stiffer consistency facilitates condensation in posterior teeth. |
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Definition
| A ceramic containing sufficient crystalline alumina (Al2O3) to achieve adequate strength and opacity when used for producing the core structure of ceramic prostheses. |
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Definition
| A ceramic composed of a glass matrix phase and at least 35 vol% Al2O3. |
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| Body porcelain (also dentin or gingival porcelain) |
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Definition
| A veneering ceramic for ceramic or metal-ceramic prostheses. |
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Definition
| A ceramic that is formulated for the production of the whole or part of an all-ceramic prosthesis through the use of a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing process. |
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Definition
| A glass or other ceramic specially formulated to be cast into a refractory mold to produce a core coping or core framework for a ceramic prosthesis. |
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Definition
| An inorganic compound with nonmetallic properties typically composed of metallic (or semimetallic) and nonmetallic elements (e.g., Al2O3, CaO, and Si3N4). |
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Definition
| The process of cutting or grinding a structure using a device that traces the surface of a master metal, ceramic, or polymer pattern and transfers the traced spatial positions to a cutting station where a blank is cut or ground in a manner similar to a key-cutting procedure. |
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Definition
| An opaque dental ceramic material that provides sufficient strength, toughness, and stiffness to support overlying layers of veneering ceramics. |
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Definition
| An inorganic compound with nonmetallic properties typically consisting of oxygen and one or more metallic or semimetallic elements (e.g., aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, silicon, sodium, tin, titanium, and zirconium) that is formulated to produce the whole or part of a ceramic-based dental prosthesis. |
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Definition
| A ceramic composed of a glass matrix phase and one or more crystalline phases (such as leucite, K2O·Al2O3·4SiO2). |
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Definition
| An inorganic nonmetallic compound that lacks a crystalline structure. |
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Definition
| A ceramic consisting of a glass matrix phase and at least one crystal phase that is produced by the controlled crystallization of the glass. |
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| Glass-infiltrated ceramic |
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Definition
| A minimally sintered core ceramic with a porous structure that has been densified by the capillary inflow of a molten glass. |
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Definition
| A specially formulated ceramic powder that, when mixed with a liquid, applied to a ceramic surface, and heated to an appropriate temperature for a sufficient time, forms a smooth glassy layer on a dental ceramic surface (see natural glaze). |
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Definition
| A term referring to an as-pressed condition before sintering. |
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Definition
| A partial crown, full crown, or fixed partial denture made with a metal substrate to which porcelain is bonded for aesthetic enhancement via an intermediate metal oxide layer. The terms porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM), porcelain-bonded-to-metal (PBM), porcelain-to-metal (PTM), and ceramometal are also used to describe these prostheses, but metal-ceramic is the preferred term. |
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Definition
| A vitrified layer that forms on the surface of a dental ceramic containing a glass phase when the ceramic is heated to a glazing temperature for a specified time. |
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Definition
| The process of heating closely packed particles to a specified temperature (below the melting point of the main component) to densify and strengthen a structure as a result of bonding, diffusion, and flow phenomena. |
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Definition
| A ceramic that is formulated to be sintered at the cervical area of a metal-ceramic crown to produce an aesthetic and fracture-resistant butt-joint margin. |
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Definition
| A process used to form "green" ceramic shapes by applying a slurry of ceramic particles and water or a special liquid to a porous substrate (such as a die material), thereby allowing capillary action to remove water and densify the mass of deposited particles. |
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Definition
| A crystalline mineral composed of mixed oxides such as MgAl2O4 (MgO·Al2O3). Also spelled spinelle. |
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Definition
| A mixture of one or more pigmented metal oxides and a low-fusing glass that can modify the shade of the ceramic-based restoration when it is dispersed in an aqueous slurry or monomer medium, applied to the surface of porcelain or other dental ceramic, and heated to its vitrification temperature for a specific time. |
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Definition
| A condition of low transient and residual tensile stress in ceramic adjacent to a metal or ceramic core that is associated with a small difference in the thermal contraction coefficients between the core material and the veneering ceramic. |
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