Term
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Definition
-compound tubular gland -secretes urine -filter and excretes: nitrogenous + other waste -body fluids + electrolytes balanced by fltration and excretion -blood homeostasis maintained byreabsorbing: small molecules, ions, and water -key role in regulating blood pressure, hemopoiesis, and activation of vitamin D |
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Term
| Kidney Strucutre (General) |
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Definition
-bean shaped -convex and concave surfaces -covered by fiberous connective tissue capsule -hilum is depression on concave surface -artery enters and ureter and veins leave -comprized of 3 regions: 1. renal sinus 2. medulla 3. cortex
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Term
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Definition
-lined by transitional epithelium -immedietly inside the hilum -contains upper parts of urter (renal pelvis, major calyces, minor calyces) -connective tissue (arteries, veins and nerves) -minor calyces (funnel-shaped) surround renal papilla (tip of renal pyramid) -minor calyces drain into major calyces empty into renal pelvis (dilated upper end of ureter) |
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Term
| Components of Renal Sinus |
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Definition
1. Renal Pelvis 2. Major Calyces 3. Minor Calyces 4. Arteries, veins, and nerves 5. Connective Tissue |
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Term
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Definition
each has elements of the other region protruding into it |
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Term
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Definition
-composed of cortical labyrinth -contains medullary rays -outward extensions of strutures found in medullary pyramids -oriented perpendicular to the corticomedullary border
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Term
Components of Cortical Labyrinth of Renal Cortex |
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Definition
1. Renal Corpuscles 2. Proximal Convoluted Tubules 3. Distal Convoluted Tubules 4. Begining of Collecting Tubules |
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Term
Components of Medullary Rays
of Renal Cortex |
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Definition
1. Collecting Tubules 2. Proximal Straight Segement of the Loop of Henle 3. Distal Straight Segment of the Loop of Henle |
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Term
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Definition
-adjacent to renal sinus -largely consists of medullary pyraminds -has renal columns (consist of cortical labyrinth)
-inward extensions of cortical labyrinth components -occur between adjacent pyramids
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Term
Components of Medullary Pyramids
of Renal Medulla |
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Definition
1. Collecting tubules: terminate as papillary ducts 2. Loop of Henle a. Descending straight limb b. Bend or curve c. Ascending straight limb 3. Interstitium: contains vasa recta
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Term
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Definition
-between the tubules and vessels in both renal cortex and renal medulla -more extensive in renal medulla -secretory intersitial cells occur there
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Term
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Definition
A single medullary pyramid + Cortical labyrinth that surrounds it |
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Term
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Definition
-areas of the renal cortex -consists of: medullary ray associated cortical labyrinth -components: collecting tubules all the nephrons which drain them
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Term
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Definition
-fundamental functional unit of the kidney -100,000's in each kidney -nephron includes all of the uriniferous tube EXCEPT: collecting tube |
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Term
Parts of the Uriniferous Tubule (7 total) |
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Definition
1. Renal Corpuscle 2. Proximal Convoluted Tubule 3. Proximal Straight Descending Limb 4. Curvature of the Loop of Henle 5. Distal Straght Ascending Limb 6. Distal Convoluted Tubule -contains macula densa 7. Collecting Tubule -begins as arched connecting tubule -straightens + passes through medullary pyram -ends as papillary duct
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Term
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Definition
-spherical structure -scattered throughout cortical labyrinth -comprised of: -a tuft of small blood vessels (glomerulus) -a capsule -has 2 sites where structures enter or leave 1. Vascular Pole: blood vessels enter/leave 2. Urinary Pole: urinary filtrate drains |
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Term
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Definition
-enclosed by a renal capsule -corpusule supplied with afferent glomerular arteriol that divides to create glomerular tuft of capillaries -capilaries re-unite to form efferent glomerular arteriole (leaves the corpuscle) an unusual vascular pattern: a capillary network (glomerulus) has an arteriol entering it and another one leaving it
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Term
| Filtration of Renal Glomerulus |
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Definition
-hydrostatic pressure is responsible -filtrate leaks out and enters capsular space (urinary lumen) -filtration = transference of materials from blood in the glomerular capillaries through the laye rof the capsule which surrounds them |
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Term
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Definition
Glomerulus = fist Capsule = ballon that surrounds it -consists of 2 layers of epithelium (continuous with each other) -Inner: visceral, consists of podocytes (large cuboidal cells with processes called pedicels) Potential Space (capsular lumen/urinary space) -Outer: parietal, consists of simple squamous epithelium
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Term
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Definition
-water and solutes pass from glomerular capillaries through inner layer into capsular lumen -filtrate flows out of capsule into beg of long tubule -capsular lumen open directly into lumen of proximal convoluted tubule -parietal layer of capsule continuous with cells forming the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule |
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Term
| Renal Corpuscles Basic Summary |
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Definition
-renal copuscle surrounded by parietal layer of capsule -central region of corpuscle contains capillaries and visceral layer
-so close = cannot be distinguished with LM -central region contains mesangium -supporting connective tissue -capsular space lied between central (cellular region) and outer parietal layer of capsule
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Term
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Definition
-consists of: -endothelium of the glomerular capillaries -visceral layer of renal capsule -thick basement mem thats between them -diaphragms = fenestrations in capillaries -podocytes form visceral layer -have cuboidal cell body containing nucleus -thin process/extensions arise here -tips of processes are in contact with outer surface of basement membrane -cytoplasm may contain microfilaments/tubules |
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Term
Layers through which filtered materials pass as they migrate from blood into capsular lumen |
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Definition
1. Fenestrated gloerular endothelium -lacks diaphragms 2. Thick basement membrane -derived from fusion of basal lamina of endothelium and podocytes -lamina densa lies b/w a lamina lucida on each side -lamina densa = type IV collegen and laminin in a matrix containing proteoglycan heparan sulfate 3. Filtration slits (slit pores) -narrow opening b/w adjacent pedicles -closed by thin filtraiton slit membrane -diaphragm consists of protein nephrin anchored to actin filaments by CD2AP -pedicles attahced to basement mem by alpha3beta1 integrin |
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Term
| Filtration after the layers |
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Definition
-after passing through they r in capsular lumen -regarded as the initial urinary filtrate They do NOT pass through the podocyte cell body which is NOT part of the filtration apparatus. |
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Term
| Major features of Normal Glomerular Filtration |
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Definition
1. high permeability to water and small solutes -due to highly fenestrated endothelium 2. impermeability to proteins -larger = less permeable Albumin excluded b/c large ionic molecule
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Term
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Definition
-area of fiberous connective tissue -NOT part of filtration apparatus -materials passing form blood directly to capsular lumen do NOT pass through mesangium -supports the glomerular tuft and its sells secret matrix, are pagocytic and contractile |
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Term
| Mesangium Location & Strucutre |
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Definition
-lies between/supports tuft of glomerular capillaries -found within central region of renal corpuscle -bordered by basal laminal where it does not envelop capillaries -not in direct contact with outer surface of capillary endothelial cells -consists of matrix and mesangial cell |
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