Term
| Ganglia contain Schwann cells. True or False? |
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Definition
| False. Ganglia contain satellite (glial) cells and they do not produce myelin. |
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Term
| Efferent signals in the somatic division are relayed by how many neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| Efferent signals in the ANS are relayed by haw many neurons? |
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Definition
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Term
| Afferent neurons relay what type on information? |
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Definition
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Term
| Non-special sensory neurons are what kind? |
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Definition
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Term
| Special senses neurons (smell, visions) are what kind? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 types of non-special sensory neurons? |
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Definition
1. Exteroreceptors (info from external environment)
2. Interoreceptors (info from viscera)
3. Proprioreceptors (info from ligaments, tendons, joints and muscles) |
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Term
| What type of neuron makes up 99% of all neurons? |
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Definition
| Interneurons (coordination of action, modification of response and thought) |
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Term
| Secretory neurons are of what kind? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 size types of neurons? |
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Definition
Golgi Type I - long axons and/or dendrites (mostly in CNS)
Golgi Type II - short axons and/or dendrites (act locally like interneurons) |
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Term
| The nerve body or soma of a neuron is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| All of a neuron contains Nissl except what part? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the triangular organelle-free area originating from the perikaryon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the initial segment of a neuron? |
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Definition
| The portion proximal to myelin where incoming signals are summated |
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Term
| What composes the peripheral NS? |
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Definition
| nerves, ganglia and nerve endings |
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Term
| What are the 3 layers that surround peripheral nerves? |
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Definition
Epineruium (surround all the bundles)
Perineurium (surround facicles of nerve bundles)
Endoneurium (surrounds individual nerve fibers and their Schwann cells) |
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Term
| What is the function of a Schwann cell? |
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Definition
| Found in PNS. Produces myelin, secretes basal lamina surround the S cell, and produces intercellular matrix) |
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Term
| Where are nerves unmyelinated? |
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Definition
| Small sensory neurons and post ganglionic axons of ANS |
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Term
| What is the term for where the extensions of an encircling Schwann cell meet? |
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Definition
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Term
| Autonomic ganglia contain what kind of neuron? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cranial and spinal ganglia contain what type of neuron? |
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Definition
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Term
| Preganglionic cells in the SNS are long or short? |
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Definition
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Term
| Preganglionic cells in the Para NS are long or short? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of satellite cells? |
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Definition
| Located in ganglia, protect, insulate. Look sorta cuboidal |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of NON-encapsulated afferent endings? |
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Definition
| Free nerve endings and Merkel's corpuscle |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of encapsulated afferent endings? |
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Definition
1. End bulbs of Krause
2. Meissner's Corpuscle
3. Pacinian Corpuscle
4. Ruffini Corpuscle |
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Term
| What if the function of Meissner's Corpuscle? |
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Definition
| Detect light pressure in hairless skin |
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Term
| What is the function of Ruffini Corpuscle? |
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Definition
| Detection of position, movement and touch. Found in deeper layers of dermis, viscera and joints |
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Term
| A stretch receptor is what kind of sensory receptor? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 types of stretch receptors in the muscle? |
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Definition
| Muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ |
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Term
| Traumatic Neuroma is caused when? |
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Definition
| Injured nerve cells try to regenerate via schwann cells but don't find the other half. Very painful |
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Term
| What is the composition of white matter? |
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Definition
| myelinated axons and oligodendrocytes. No nerve cell bodies. |
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Term
| What is the composition of gray matter? |
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Definition
| Glial cells, dendrites, nerve cell bodies, and unmyelinated regions of axons. Synapses occur here. |
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Term
| What is the look of white matter? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the look of gray matter? |
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Definition
| All over the freakin' place |
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Term
| What are the connective tissue components (neuroglia) of the CNS? |
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Definition
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependyma |
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Term
| What is the function of astrocytes? |
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Definition
| Main connective tissue element of CNS. Form scar tissue. Large and lightly stained. |
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Term
| What is the function of oligodendrocytes? |
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Definition
| Myelin producing cells of CNS. Look small and dark. |
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Term
| What are the function of Microglia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of Ependyma? |
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Definition
| Line cavities in CNS. Absorb cerebrospinal fluid and produce CSF from material in the choroid plexus |
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Term
| What are the 7 layers of the cerebral cortex in descending order? |
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Definition
1. Plexiform
2. Outer granular
3. Pyramidal Cell
4. Inner granular
5. Ganglionic
6. Polymorphic
7. White matter |
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Term
| What are the 4 layers of the Cerebellar cortex? |
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Definition
1. Molecular
2. Perkinje cell
3. Granular
4. White matter |
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Term
| What are the 5 layers of the meninges? |
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Definition
1. Dura mater
2. Sub-dural Space
3. Arachnoid layer
4. Sub-arachnoid space
5. Pia mater |
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Term
| Which spaces are fluid filled spaces of the meninges? |
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Definition
| Sub-dural and sub-arachnoid space |
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Term
| The dura mater is composed of what CT? |
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Definition
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Term
| The pia mater is composed of what CT? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is responsible for the blood-brain barrier? |
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Definition
| Tight junctions in endothelial cells and close association of Astrocyte foot processes with endothelial basal laminas |
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