Term
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Definition
continuous process that replaces erythrocytes and lekocytes occures primarily in bone marrow and if needed in spleen and liver responsive to increased need |
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Term
| Blood Cells are derived from |
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Definition
pluripotential stem cells which divide to give: daughter cells of commited cell lines
and cells that remain stem cells |
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Term
| Cells that are committed form: |
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Definition
Either 1. Lymphoid lineages 2. Myeloid lineages |
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Term
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Definition
-form lymphocytes During development, migrated out of bone marrow to: 1. lymph nodes 2. thymus 3. spleen |
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Term
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Definition
-form erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and megakaryocytes -continue to mature into marrow |
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Term
| Progression of Developing Blood Cells |
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Definition
1. stem cell - few but rapidly dividing 2. progenitor cell - first of the committed cell line 3. precursor cell (blast) - first morphogenic sign of differentiation 4. mature cell |
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Term
Progenitor Cells (Colony-Forming Units or Cells) (CFUs or CFCs) |
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Definition
different lines of progenitor cells form
lymphocyte colony-forming unit (LCFU)--> lymphocyte erythrocyte colony-forming unit (ECFU)--> erythrocyte
eosinophil colony-forming unit (EoCFU)--> eosinophils basophil colony-forming unit (BCFU)-->basophils megakaryocyte colony-forming unit --> megakaryocyte derived from the same "preprogenitor" cell monocyte colony-forming unit (MCFU)--> monocytes
granulocyte colony-forming unit (GCFU)--> neutrophils |
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Term
| Substances that encourage proliferation and differentiation of blood cell lineages |
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Definition
-growth factors -hematopoietins -colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) EX) erythropoietin, IL-3, granulocyte CSF (G-CSF)
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Term
| Maturation of Cell Lineages |
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Definition
1. decrease in cell size 2. decrease in nucleus:cytoplasm ratio 3. loss of nucleoli 4. loss of nuclear heterochromaticity if erythrocyte than loss of nucleus 5. differentiation of cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
-found within the medullary cavities of bones -packed with hematopoietic cells (red marrow) which is replaced by yellow adipose tissue (yellow marrow) REVERSIBLE if there is a demand for blood cell |
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Term
| Red Marrow (hematopoietic cells) |
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Definition
-hematopoietic cords in close proximity to sinusoids -supported by stroma of reticular fibers -bound to extracelluar matrix by hemonectin |
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Term
| Red Marrow - site fro blood cell destruction |
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Definition
-in spleen and liver hemoglobin = heme + globin globin = amino acids (recycled) -->iron released and stored -heme = bilirubin bound to albumin -->released into blood and modified by liver -->transported to gallbladder and excreted as component of bile
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Term
| Red Marrow - releasing factors |
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Definition
stimulate movement of blood cells into circulation -hormones -C3 -bacertial products |
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Term
Red Marrow forms an Aperture |
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Definition
cells enter circulation by pressing against endothelial cell until opposing cell membranes fuse forming an: APERTURE migrating cell then peirces through endothelial cell and enters lumen of the vessel (endothelium undergoes repair) |
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Term
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Definition
results in fully finctioning cells 1. Erythropoiesis 2. Granulopoiesis 3. Lymphopoiesis 4. Monocytopoiesis 5. Thrombopoiesis |
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Term
Erythropoiesis (SEE MATURATION OF CELL CARD FOR GENERAL PROCESS) |
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Definition
-takes 1 week -results in production of hemoglobin and extrusion of nucleus -amount of ribosomes decreases, hemoglobin increases --> stain changes from basophilic to esinophilic -central to process: -->exposure to erythropoietin, iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12 |
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Term
| Erythropoiesis process of differentiation and maturation |
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Definition
1. Proerythroblast - large and basophilic cell with prominent nucleoli 2. Basophilic Erythroblast - basophilic cytoplasm, dark nucleous, no nucleolus 3. Polychromatophilic Erythroblast 4. Normoblast - eosinophilic cytoplasm, compact and dark nucleus; extrudes nucleus with a halo of cytoplasm 5. Reticulocyte - cytoplasm spekeled from residual polyribosomes (1-2% of circulating red blood cells) 6. Erythrocytes |
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Term
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Definition
-development of granulocytes -characterized by protein synthesis and placement into two types of granules -->initially azurophilic granules -->followed by specific granules |
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Term
Common morphologic ancestors of granulocyte series granulocyte series = (eosinophil, neutrophil, basophil) |
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Definition
1. myeloblast - first morphologically recognizable cell in the series 2. promyelocyte - has basophilic cytoplasm and azurophilic granules 3. myelocyte - specific granules crowd cytoplasm and give the resulting cells their morphologic character, nucleous becomes increasingly compact and curved |
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Term
| After the 3 previous stages, granulocytes move through the following stages of development |
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Definition
Neutrophils: (early and late) neutrophilic myelocyte --> neutrophilic metamyelocyte --> band cell --> mature neutrophil Eosinophil: (early and late) eosinophilic myelocyte --> eosinophilic metamyelocyte --> mature eosinophil Basophil: (early and late) basophil myelocyte --> mature basophil |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-contain azurophilic granules which represent lysosomes -mature monocytes enter circulation --> 8 hrs. later move into conncetive tissue --> further differentiate into macrophages |
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Term
| Stages of Monocyte Development |
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Definition
1. Monoblast - morphologically identical to the myeloblast 2. Promonocyte - large cell with basophilic cytoplasm and slightly indented nucleous 3. Monocyte |
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Term
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Definition
-platelets are fragments of megakaryocytes -derived from same multipotential stem cell as erythroid and myeloid lineages |
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Term
| Stages of Thrombopoiesis Development |
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Definition
1. Megakaryoblast - large cell with huge nucleous and basophilic cytoplasm (Numerous endomitoses result in 64n cell) 2. Megakaryocyte - huge cell with large, lobulated nucleous and eosinophilic cytoplasm 3. Platlet - thin cytoplasmic processes from megakaryocyte protrude into sinusoidal lumen and undergo fragmentation, liberating platelets into the circulation |
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