Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Split down the middle of mouth top to bottom; mid line is where labial teeth line up for top and bottom |
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Term
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Definition
Primary Dentition Period: Deciduous (shed); 20 teeth, 5/ quadrant, 10/ arch; 6 months-6 years
Mixed Dentition: First secondary teeth (molars); 6- 12 years
Permanent Dentition: 32 permanent teeth, 8 per quadrant; 16 per arch; Erupt between 6-21 years |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| permanent teeth that do not replace primary teeth |
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Term
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Definition
Anterior- Incisors and Canines
Posterior Teeth- Premolars and Molars
Incisors- Incise or cut
Canines- Grasp or hold
Premolars- Hold and crush
Molars- Grind and mix |
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Term
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Definition
| Maxillary central and mandibular canine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Incisal-
Occlusal- chewing surface
Facial- Labial(anterior teeth; side touching lips), Buccal (posterior teeth; side touching cheeks)
Lingual- Side of tooth facing in toward the mouth
Proximal- Mesial (side adjacent to the more anterior tooth), Distal (side adjacent to the more posterior tooth)
*Adjacent tooth
*Contralateral tooth |
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Term
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Definition
| Manner in which mandibular teeth contact maxillary teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of biting or chewing food |
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Term
Primary Dentition Formula
Permanent Dentition Formula |
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Definition
I2/2,C1/1,M2/2=10
I2/2,C1/1,P2/2, M3/3=16 |
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Definition
http://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781451145335/id/F1-4
Primary Dentition = A-T |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Hard: Enamel, Cementum, Dentin
Soft: Pulp |
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Term
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Definition
- white, protective external surface covering dentin of anatomic crown
- highly mineralized, hardest substance in body
- 95% Calcium hydroxyapatite (calcified & inorganic)
- 1% organic matter (enamel matrix)
- 4% Water |
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Term
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Definition
-hard yellowish tissue forming main bulk of inner portion of tooth
- surrounds pulp cavity, covered by enamel in anatomical crown and cementum in anatomical root
- 70% Calcium hydroxyapatite
- 18% Organic matter (collagen fibers)
- 12% Water
- harder than cementum, softer than enamel |
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Term
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Definition
-dull yellowish layer of hard, bonelike tissue covering dentin of anatomical
anatomic root
- 65% Calcium hydroxyapatite
- 23% organic matter (collagen fibers)
- 12% water |
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Term
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Definition
| part of tooth that has enamel surface, coronal to cervical line; never changes |
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Term
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Definition
| part of tooth that has cementum surface |
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Term
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Definition
| part of tooth visible in oral cavity; can be longer or shorter from what you see |
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Term
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Definition
| part of tooth under gingiva, not exposed to oral cavity |
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Term
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Definition
Dentinoenamel
Cementodentinal
Cementoenamel |
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Term
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Definition
| separates enamel of crown from cementum of anatomic root |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| root length divided by crown length |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 apex, usually anterior teeth & some premolars |
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Term
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Definition
bifurcation or trifurcation dividing root portion into branches
- molars & some premolars |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of jaw which serves as support for tooth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contains pulp tissue- Outline corresponds to external outline of tooth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pointed projections @ occlusal & incisal portion of chamber; corresponds to cusps |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| apical limit of pulp, cavity through which nutrients enter & exit pulp |
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Term
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Definition
Formation of dentin by odontoblasts
Primary dentin- forming initial shape of tooth
Secondary dentin- produced throughout life of tooth
Defense & Protection
Reparative dentin- response to moderate irritation by formation of dentin
Sensation
Nerve endings in pulp conduct impulses of pain
Nutrition
Supplies nutrients and moisture to dentin through blood vascular supply |
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Term
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Definition
Area on a proximal surface of the crown that touches the adjacent tooth in the same arch
Stabilizes position of teeth within arch
Prevents food impaction |
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Term
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Definition
triangularly shaped spaces surrounding contact area
spillways directing food away from gingival-part of self cleaning process of teeth
4 embrasures-
- Facial, Lingual, (viewed from occlusal)
- Occlusal, Gingival (Interproximal Space) (viewed from facial or lingual
*Lingual embrasure usually larger than facial |
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Term
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Definition
| bisects root in cervical area |
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Term
| Height of Contour or Crest of Curvature |
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Definition
Highest point of curve or bulge farthest from root axis line
As with embrasure form, aids in proper protection & stimulation of gingival tissue |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pointed peak located on occlusal surfaces of molars and premolars and incisal edges of canines |
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Term
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Definition
| has 4 Cusp Ridges (linear prominences) of enamel converging toward it |
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Term
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Definition
| Mesial and Distal Cusp Ridges |
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Term
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Definition
| Ant. teeth- M & D border of L surface, converging toward cingulum - Post. teeth- on M & D borders of occlusal surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| located on each major cusp of posterior teeth; descend from cusp tips toward central part of occlusal surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| when B,L triangular ridges join transversely |
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Term
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Definition
| only on maxillary molars; triangular ridges connecting diagonally |
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Term
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Definition
| line formed during tooth development, between lobes or primary parts of tooth |
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Term
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Definition
| less distinct, does not mark junction of primary parts |
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Term
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Definition
| valley between ridges and cusps, developmental groove at junction of its inclines |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow crevice at depth of groove, caused by incomplete fusion of enamel during tooth development; defective |
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Term
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Definition
| small depression found between marginal ridges on lingual surfaces of anterior teeth & occlusal surfaces of all posterior teeth; not defective |
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Term
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Definition
pinpoint depression; occurs at depth of fossa where 2 or more grooves join
Pits and fissures are enamel defects where dental decay may begin. |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 small scallops, each formed from 1 of 3 facial developmental lobes on incisal edges of newly erupted incisors |
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Term
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Definition
| lingual lobe of anterior tooth; bulk of cervical 1/3 on lingual; convex M-D |
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Term
| What do tooth crowns develop from? |
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Definition
Lobes or primary growth centers (cusps, mamelons)
Incisors, canines, most premolars develop from 4 lobes
Each molar cusp forms from 1 lobe |
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Term
| Crown can be divided into: |
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Definition
incisal or occlusal third, middle third and cervical third
Crown can be divided into thirds in three directions- occluso-gingivally, mesiodistally and buccolingually. |
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Term
| Root can be divided into: |
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Definition
| cervical third, middle third and an apical third |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Height of contour or crest of curvature on facial and lingual surfaces of crowns: |
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Definition
- highest point of a curve or greatest convezity or bulge farthest from root axis line
- Aids in proper protection and stimulation of gingival tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Area on proximal surface of crown that touches adjacent tooth in same arch
Stabilizes position of teeth within arch
Prevents food impaction |
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Term
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Definition
Triangularly shaped spaces surrounding contact area
Spillways directing food away from gingiva - part of self-cleansing process of teeth
4 Embrasures- Facial, Lingual, Occlusal ,Gingival (Interproximal Space) |
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Term
| Maxillary Central Incisors |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of Maxillary Central Incisors |
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Definition
Cut food- act as shovels
Articulate speech
Support the lip and maintain an esthetic appearance
Guides the mandible during the final phase of closing |
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Term
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Definition
Three lobes on labial. : Mesiel lobe, depressions, distal lobe
One lobe on palatal. (Cingulum) |
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Term
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Definition
| bumps on the incisal surface (bottom) |
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Term
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Definition
| Perikymata- little ridges of enamel that go from top to bottom; created when the tooth is formed |
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Term
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Definition
Longest and widest of all crowns (does not include roots (canines))
Longer than wide.
Narrowest at cervical third |
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Term
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Definition
where the tooth touches adjacent teeth
Widest Point
Mesial incisal angle – 90 degrees; sharpest angle
Distal incisal angle- most rounded |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the tooth covered by enamel |
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Term
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Definition
| the part you see in the mouth (same as anatomic when gingiva has not receded yet); root can be exposed |
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Term
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Definition
The root slightly longer than crown. The average root to crown ratio is 1.16:1
Root is short and cone-shaped – blunt apex; rounded apex
Convexity is on the distal surface; mesial is flat |
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Term
| Labial View Contact Areas |
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Definition
Mesial contact area - in the incisal third near the incisal edge.
Distal contact area - near the junction of the incisal and middle thirds |
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Term
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Definition
Cingulum – position; skewed toward distal
Marginal ridges- mesial (longer b/c cingulum is toward the distal) and distal marginal ridge
Lingual Fossa- between marginal ridges, below cingulum |
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Term
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Definition
Mesil- flat
Distal- Root contour convex in cervical 1/3 and tapers becoming narrower at the apex
Tapers toward the lingual- wider on the facial, thinner on lingual
Cross-section at cervix- triangular shaped |
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Term
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Definition
Mesial cervical line: CEJ dips down ¼ height of anatomic crown
Distal cervical line
Height of contour- take an egg and look down on it, it is the widest part; may not be cimetrical all the way around
Height of contour in cervical third; where the cingulum is
Incisal edge - labial to the root axis line or on the root axis line.
Mesial incisal angle
Distal incisal angle- twisted distally; incisal edge is not straight, its curved
Mesial root surface- flat or longitudinal depression in the middle 1/3.
Distal surface- convex & no depression |
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Term
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Definition
Mesial to distal is wider than facial to lingual
See more lingual than labial
Shape roughly triangular
Cingulum slightly off center to the distal
Mesial marginal ridge is longer
Incisal ridge slightly curved from mesial to distal
Slight disto-lingual twist to incisal ridge
Labial is broadly convex or sometimes nearly flat in center portion |
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Term
| Comparison of Maxillary Central and Lateral Incisors |
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Definition
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Term
| Maxillary Lateral Incisor Crown Shape |
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Definition
• Formed from four lobes:
3 facial, 1 lingual (cingulum)
• Morphologic variation:
Most variation other than 3rd molar
• May be asymmetrical
• May be a “peg” lateral
• May even be missing |
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Term
| Maxillary Lateral Incisor Crown Labial View |
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Definition
• More convex or less flat mesiodistally than central
• Narrower mesiodistally
• Root slightly longer
• Mamelons and labial depressions –less
• Mesioincisal angle more acute than distoincisal angle
• Contacts-
Mesial- incisal third or junction incisal/middle
Distal- middle third |
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Term
| Lateral Incisor Root Labial View |
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Definition
• Root tapers evenly toward a rounded apex
• Commonly bent toward the distal |
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Term
| Lateral Incisor Lingual View |
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Definition
• Cingulum is narrower and almost centered
• Mesial marginal ridge is longer and straighter
• Lingual pit- common for decay
• Fossa
Palatal- gingival groove/ disto-lingual groove: distinguishing feature |
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Term
| Lateral Incisor Crown Proximal View |
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Definition
• Incisal edge just labial to root axis or on the root axis line
• Curvature of cervical line greater on mesial than distal
• Height of contour- (from incisal view)
labial and lingual in cervical third |
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Term
| Lateral Incisor Root Proximal View |
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Definition
• Mesial root surface flat or depression
• Tapers more evenly throughout root toward blunt end |
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Term
| Lateral Incisor Incisal View |
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Definition
• Outline round or oval
• Cingulum nearly centered mesiodistally
• Incisal edge straighter mesiodistally |
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Term
| How to distinguish the right maxillary lateral incisor from the left… |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- mesial crown outline flatter; distal more rounded
- mesioincisal angle more acute than distoincisal
- distal contact more cervical than mesial |
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Term
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Definition
| longer and straighter mesial marginal ridge |
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Term
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Definition
- larger cervical line curvature on mesial vs. distal
- flatter mesial root surface contour than distal contour |
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Term
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Definition
| distal crown outline more rounded |
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Term
| Comparing Maxillary Central and Lateral Incisors: Labial View |
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Definition
Central
Larger; wider cervically
• M.I. line angle almost right angle
• D.I. line angle round and obtuse
• Mesial. contact in incisal third
• Dist. Contact junction of incisal and middle 1/3
Lateral:
• Smaller; narrower cervically
• M.I. angle rounder & more acute
• D.I.angle more rounded and more obtuse
• Mesial contact in incisal third/or junction
• Distal contact middle 1/3 |
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Term
| Comparing Maxillary Central and Lateral Incisors: Libial View Root |
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Definition
Central: • Incisal edge more horizontal
• Mesial outline flatter
• Less root tip bend to distal
• Root-crown ratio 1.16 to 1
Lateral: • Incisal edge slopes cervically to distal
• Distal outline more convex
• Root tip often bends to distal
• Root-crown ratio 1.36-1
• Slender look-crown is narrower, root longer |
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Term
| Comparing Maxillary Central and Lateral Incisors: Lingual View |
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Definition
• Central Incisor
• Larger shallow lingual fossa
• Cingulum distally positioned
• Less frequent lingual pits
• Lateral Incisor
• Deep but small fossa
• Cingulum centered
• More common lingual pits |
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Term
| Comparing Maxillary Central and Lateral Incisors: Incisal View |
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Definition
Central Incisor
• Crown noticeably wider mes-dist than lab-ling
• Outline roughly triangular
• Cingulum off center to distal
• Incisal edge curves mesio-distally
• Labial outline more flat
Lateral Incisor
• Crown wider mes-dist than lab-ling but less so than central
• Outline more round or oval
• Cingulum centered
• Incisal edge straighter mesio-distally
• Labial outline more rounded (convex) |
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Term
| Comparing Maxillary Central and Lateral Incisors: Proximal View |
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Definition
Lateral • Mesial curvature of the cervical line less
• Root tapers more evenly toward a blunt apex
Central: • Mesial curvature of the cervical line greater
• Root is wide labio-lingually at cervix and tapers to a rounded apex
• Distolingual twist of incisal edge |
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Term
| Mandibular Central Incisor: Labial View |
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Definition
• Smallest tooth in the mouth
• Incisal edge is straight
• Nearly bilateral, symmetrical with fairly straight mes. and dist. outline.
• Mes. and dist. line angles same length tapering slightly - becoming narrower towards the convex cervical.
• Mesial Incisal (MI) and Distal Incisal (DI) angles are similar, nearly right angles.
• Distal may be slightly more rounded.
• Contact=incisal 3rd
• Labial contour of the crown in the incisal half appears nearly flat
• Half may have two shallow developmental depressions in the incisal third resulting from the three lobes.
• Mesial and Distal Contact- are at the same level; Incisal third-almost level with incisal edge |
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Term
| Mandibular Central Incisor: Proximal View |
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Definition
• From the mesial or distal, the crown appears wedge shaped and leans lingually.
• Incisal edge as in all mandibular incisors is normally located on or lingual to the midroot axis
• Height of contour is in the cervical third on the labial and on the cingulum on the lingual surface
• Incisal half almost flat
• Labial to lingual wider than mesial distal |
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Term
| Mandibular Central Incisor: Lingual View |
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Definition
• There are faint marginal ridges mesial and distal and are the same length
• Very shallow fossa,(slightly concave) barely visible at the middle third and straightening out in the incisal third
• There is a lingual convergence of this crown, a small cingulum that is centered. |
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Term
| Mandibular Central Incisor: Root |
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Definition
• From the proximal views, the root is nearly straight from the cervical line to the middle third, then tapers towards the apex.
• The curvature of the cervical line is greater on the mesial than on the distal, towards the incisal, also is lower on the lingual than the labial.
• Slight longitudinal depression in middle third on M and D
• Distal depression is deeper
• The apical end may curve slightly to the distal, in some incisors in the apical third.
• Wider labial- lingual than mesial- distal |
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Term
| Mandibular Lateral Incisor: Labial View |
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Definition
Labial View
• Not as symmetrical as the central
• Crown tips slightly to distal relative to the root
• Distal-lingual twist of the incisal edge
• Mesial incisal angle is sharp and the distal-incisal angle is more rounded
Labial View
• Mesial side is slightly longer than the distal due to the cingulum being off center to the distal
• Distal side bulge (convex) on crown
• Larger than central in same mouth
• Viewed from incisal edge-you can see the distal-lingual twist
• Both contacts are in the incisal third of the tooth fairly near the incisal ridge
• Mesial contact is more incisal than the distal
• There is a lingual convergence of this crown to a cingulum that is slightly off center towards the distal,smooth and narrow with convex outline |
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Term
| Mandibular Lateral Incisor: Proximal View |
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Definition
• Incisal edge is on or lingual to root axis line
• From the mesial or distal the crown is wedge shaped and leans lingually(triangular outline)
• Distal portion of the ridge is more lingual (distal-lingual twist)
• Height of contour similar to central incisor in the cervical third on the labial and on the cingulum on the lingual |
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Term
| Mandibular Lateral Incisor: Lingual View |
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Definition
• Cingulum distal to center
• Mesial marginal ridge longer than the distal (are scarcely discernible)
• Fossa barely visible, slightly concave in the middle and incisal thirds
• Cervical line is lower on the lingual than on the labial (same as the central) |
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Term
| Mandibular Lateral Incisor: Root |
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Definition
• Wider faciolingually than mesiodistally
• From the labial view, root is long narrow and tapers on both sides towards the apex, where it may curve slightly toward the distal.
• Tapers towards the lingual, where it is slightly narrower and convex.
• The cervical curvature is greater on the mesial than the distal towards the incisal
• Proximal, root is nearly straight from the cervical line to the middle third then tapers towards the apex.
• Slight longitudinal depression in middle third on M and D
• Distal depression deeper
• The apical end may be curved toward the distal |
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Term
| TRAITS TO DIFFERENTIATE MANDIBULAR CENTRAL FROM LATERAL INCISORS |
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Definition
• Lateral has a less symmetrical crown and tips to the distal on the root
• Distal crown outline bulges more on the lateral and has a distolingual twist on the incisal edge
• On the lateral the cingulum is off centered to the distal
• The lateral has longer mesial marginal ridge than the distal on both the labial and lingual |
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Term
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Definition
Support: lip & facial muscles
Cut, pierce & shear food morsels
Guide posts in occlusion: Canine protected occlusion
Good anchor teeth (abutments) - large roots |
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Term
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Definition
Third teeth from midline
One in each quadrant
Cornerstone -Turning point of dental arches
Stability- well anchored in bone often last teeth lost
Cosmetic value- prominent in smile - Canine eminence
Longest teeth in mouth Max. 26.3mm /Mand. 25.9mm
Roots longer than other teeth
Single cusp
No mammelons - notch on either cusp slope |
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Term
| Distinguishing Feature in Canines |
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Definition
Labial surface convex
Vertical labial ridge
(Premolars- buccal ridge) |
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Term
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Definition
Universal Numbering System #6 & # 11
Longest tooth in mouth
Crown
-nearly as long as maxillary central - root much longer
-Mesial- broadly convex in middle third
-flat cervical third
-Distal- forms shallow S shape, convex in middle third
-concave cervical third
Short & wide (compared to mand.)
Mesial bulge of crown beyond root
Crown- wider labiolingually than mesiodistally
Labial - formed from 3 lobes (lingual, cingulum from 4th lobe)
Middle lobe on facial forms pronounced labial ridge - runs C-I near center of crown in middle & incisal thirds |
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Term
| Maxillary Canines: Labial View |
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Definition
Pentagonal
Incisal edge divided into 2 inclines by cusp; Mesial slope shorter than distal
Crown tapers from contact areas to cervix
Mesial crown outline less curved than distal |
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