Term
| what is dysmyelinization vs demyelination? |
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Definition
| dysmyelinization: abnormal development. demyelination: normal development, now being injured (guillain barre syndrome in the PNS and MS in the CNS). |
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Term
| who gets MS more commonly? |
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Definition
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Term
| are there locations where populations have a higher risk of MS? |
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Definition
| yes, more northern latitudes have a higher incidence of MS |
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Term
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Definition
| a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease thought to be triggered by viral agents = demyelinization and axonal damage = plaques (sclerosis). this causes conduction blocks to skeletal muscle. |
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Term
| what are the symptoms of weakness? |
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Definition
| weakness, numbness, fatigue, vision problems, slurred speech, poor coordination, short-term memory loss, depression, bladder/bowel dysfunction, and partial/complete paralysis. difference between signs and symptoms: usually, pts don’t say "i have a right hemiparesis", they say "my right side is clumsy or heavy" |
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Term
| what are the categories of MS? |
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Definition
| relapsing/remitting, relapsing/remitting w/secondary progression, primary progressive, and progressive w/relapses |
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Term
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Definition
| old method: 2 symptoms occurring at separate *times and evidence of neurologic dysfunction involving two separate lesions (*space). now MRIs are used more commonly |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is the most common symptom of MS? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the marcus gunn phenomenon? |
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Definition
| classically shine light in the eye and the pupils come slowly down, then swing flashlight over and pupils stay down – finally swing flashlight back over and pupils start dilating |
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Term
| what is the classic vision problem in MS? |
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Definition
| internuclear opthalmaplegia = nystagmus in the adducting eye (a pt comes in between 40 and 50 and has no other problems other than can’t see sometimes – look in back of the eye and it looks fine, do gross visual acuity and it looks ok – but then notice when pt looks to left they have nystagmus, have an INO) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| exam question: MS is thought to be an autoimmune disorder with the destruction of myelin |
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Definition
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Term
| exam question: numbness, weakness, fatigue, bowel/bladder problems, poor coordination could all reflect symptoms of MS? |
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Definition
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Term
| exam question: a definite diagnosis of MS would require 2 neurologic attacks occurring at separate times and evidence of dysfunction of the CNS on the exam involving 2 separate lesions, along with changes noted on an MRI. t/f? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the T1 images used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the T2 images used for? |
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Definition
| inflammation/permanent damage evaluation |
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Term
| what is evaluated in CSF for MS pts? |
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Definition
| cell count, protein, glucose, oligoclonal banding (more = worse), basic myelin protein (more = worse, indicates breakdown) and IgG synthesis rate/index (compare to serum) |
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Term
| what is the "face" method of learning the spinal tracts? |
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Definition
hair – posterior columns
eyes – lateralcorticospinal tract
ears – spinal cerebellar tract
tears – ventral spinal thalamic tract
smile – where pain fibers cross over |
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Term
| exam question: steroids can be used for exacerbation of MS, t/f? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the symptoms/tx for MS? |
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Definition
| spasticity (baclofen, tizanidine, dantrolene), bladder/bowel dysfunction (tolterodine, oxybutynin, darifenacin, trospium, solifenacin), depression (TCA, SSRI, etc.), fatigue (modafinil, amantadine) |
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