The study has three hypothesis:

• there will be a significant association between REM sleep and dreaming
• significant positive correlation between the estimate of the duration of dreams and the length of eye movement
• There will be a significant association between the pattern of eye movement and the context of the dream

Sample:

• There was 9 adults in total ( 7 male and 2 females) all from USA.
• only 5 of them were studied intensively

weaknesses:

• sample size
• ethnocentric( restricted to the group the person belongs to)

quantative measures recorded in the study:

• number of dreams recalled after awakenings in REM and NREM sleep.
• accuracy of dream length when awakened after 5 or 15 minutes of REM sleep.
• the number and type of eye movement in relation to the dream the participant was having.

strengths of quantitative data:

• allows identification of patterns of behaviour
• can calculate averages
• easy to analyse
• allows comparisons between groups/idividuals

weaknesses of quantitative data:

• gives no explanation for why the behaviour occured
• looses 'richness'
• fairly superficial

results of Dement and Kleitman

• more dreams were recalled from REM sleep than NREM sleep (152:11)
• there were significantly more correct estimates of length of REM than incorrect estimates (92:19)
• There was a strong association between pattern of REMs and the content of dreams

one way to change the study:

• let them have alcohol or coffee, or any drink they wish.

how it would change the results:

• As some of the participants may drink alcohol or coffee before they go to bed, being unable to do this could change their sleeping pattern entirely, so enabling them to drink whatever they wish, it will keep their sleeping pattern the same.