Term
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Definition
| Receptors are located in a specific organ. |
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Term
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Definition
Sense of smell.
Olfactory organ is in the nasal cavity.
Receptor cells have specific binding sites for molecules that enter the nasal cavity. The proteins interact with the chemicals that enter the nose.
Binding of odorant to receptor causes AP that is conducted to the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemicals that stimulate receptors in the nose resulting in an AP. |
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Term
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Definition
Sense of taste.
Receptors are located in organs called taste buds.
Papillae are bumps on tongue and some contain taste buds.
Chemicals bind to gustary cells causing an AP.
Cranial nerves carry the sens to the cerebrum then going to the insula or taste center. |
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Term
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Definition
Sweet
Salty
Bitter
Sour
Umami (Savory)
Water? |
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Term
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Definition
Auricle or Pinna directs sound waves into the ear.
External auditary canal contains ceruminous glands which produce earwax. |
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Term
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Definition
Ear drum
Border between outer and inner ear.
Is flexible |
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Term
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Definition
Filled with air.
Within the temporal bone.
Contains Auditory tubes.
Contains auditory ossicles. |
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Term
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Definition
Within the middle ear.
Regulate pressure differences between outer and middle ear. |
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Term
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Definition
Within the middle ear.
Malleous
Incus
Stapes
They form a bridge that connects the tympanic membrane to the oval window.
Muscles regulate the movement of the auditory ossicles. |
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Term
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Definition
Middle ear inflammation
Due to the buildup of fluid within the middle ear.
Common in young children.
Noninfectious forms are due to allergies.
Clear fluid: is a cold or allergies.
Cloudy fluid: is a bacterial infection. |
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Term
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Definition
Contains receptors for hearing and equilibrium.
Membraneous labyrinth contains endolymph.
Perilymph is inbetween membraneous labyrinth and bony labyrinth.
Bony labyrinth surrounds.
Contains:
Vestible
Cochlea
Semicircular canals. |
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Term
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Definition
Involved in static equilibrium
Egg shape structure
Contains two membranous sacs:
Utricle
Saccule |
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Term
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Definition
Involved in dynamic equilibrium
Contains semicurcular ducts which are membranous components that contain equilibrium receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
Involved in hearing
Contains cochlear duct which is a membranous structure which holds receptors for hearing.
cochlear duct is filled with endolymph
regions above and below cochlear duct are filled with perilymph |
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Term
SCALA VESTIBULE
VESTIBULAR DUCT |
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Definition
Located above the cochlear duct.
Runs from the oval window to the tip of the cochlea. |
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Term
SCALA TYMPANI
TYMPANIC DUCT |
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Definition
Located below the cochlear duct
Extends from the tip of the coclea towards the round window. |
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Term
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Definition
Inside of the cochlear duct.
Structure that contains receptors for hearing. |
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Term
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Definition
Supports organ of corti
Is flexible so it can move up or down. |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms a shelf that extends over the organ of corti. |
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Term
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Definition
Hair cells
Steriocilia
Linked together at the tips and their movement determines the membrane potential
Changes in the MP are conveyed to the neurons that monitor the hair cells |
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Term
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Definition
Pressure disturbance originating from a vibrating object.
Travels as waves through a medium. |
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Term
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Definition
Frequency
Number of waves that pass a particular point in a given time period. |
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Term
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Definition
Amplitude.
Height of a wave.
Taller the wave the higher the sound. |
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Term
| NUMBER OF ACTION POTENTIALS BEING ACTIVATED |
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Definition
Louder sound: more AP and a higher stimulation of the brain.
Lower sound: Less AP and a lower stimulation of the brain. |
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Term
| RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PITCH AND INTENSITY |
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Definition
The lower the pitch the lower the intensity
Whispering |
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Term
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Definition
Sound waves traveling through the air are converted to pressure waves in the perilymph of the bony labyrinth.
Vibration of the basilar membrane causes stimulation of hearing receptors of the organ of corti. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure disturbance within the ear. |
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Term
| STEP 2 OF HEARING PROCESS |
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Definition
Conducted through the external auditory canal and causes tympanic membrane to vibrate.
Causes auditory ossicles to move. |
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Term
| STEP 3 OF HEARING PROCESS |
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Definition
| Vibration of Audiotry ossicles against the oval windo causes pressure waves to form in perilymph of vestibular duct. |
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Term
| STEP 4 OF HEARING PROCESS |
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Definition
| Pressure waves continue through the tympanic duct to the round window. |
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Term
| STEP 5 OF HEARING PROCESS |
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Definition
| Basilar membrane becomes distorted by the pressure waves in the perilymph. |
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Term
| STEP 6 OF THE HEARING PROCESS |
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Definition
| Hair cells of the organ of corti move against the tectorial membrane causing a change in the TMP of the hair cell and stimulating neurons. |
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Term
| REGIONS OF THE ORGAN OF CORTI |
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Definition
Each region is tune to a particular frequency or pitch.
We perceive different pitches based on which region of the organ is stimulated.
Intensity is determined by frequency of AP generated. |
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Term
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Definition
AP originates in Organ of Corti.
Passes to the medulla through the cochlear branch of the cochlear nerve.
From the medulla the AP is passed to the inferior colliculus of the midbrain.
From the midbrain the AP is passed to the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe through the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Receptors of equilibrium are located in the vestibule and semicircular canals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sense of head position in space with respect to gravity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sense of ration of the head. |
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Term
| MACULAE AND STATIC EQUILIBRIUM |
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Definition
Located in the vestibule in the utricle and saccule.
Monitor position of the head.
Important for posture (laying down, sitting up) |
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Term
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Definition
Mass of hair cells
Covered by otolithic membrane
In the wall fo the membranous labyrinth |
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Term
| AMPULLAE AND DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM |
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Definition
Located in the semicircular canals.
Hair cells of the ampullae are stimulated by rocation. Primarily rotation of the head. |
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