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Degenerative Disease
a
48
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 2
10/26/2011

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Term
alzheimers disease
Definition
progressive loss of brain function characterized by memory loss, confusion, and dementia
Term
ALS
Definition
progressive weakness and wasting of muscles caused be destruction of motor neurons
Term
huntingtons chorea
Definition
autosomal dominant genetic disorder resulting in progressive dementia and involuntary, spasmodic movements of limb and facial muscles
Term
Multiple sclerosis
Definition
demyelination of neurons in the CNS resulting in progressive weakness, visual disturbances, mood alterations, and cognitive deficits
Term
parkinson's disease
Definition
progressive loss of dopamine in the CNS, causing tremor, muscle rigidity, and abnormal movement and posture
Term
6 months
Definition
parkinson's med Levadopa takes _____ to see maximum effects
Term
anticholenergic
Definition
antiparkinsons drugs have ______ effects
Term
choreiform
Definition
most serious side effect of antiparkinsons meds
Term
choreiform
Definition
involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky, movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement
Term
carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet)
Definition
drug that prevents the metabolism of levodopa,
- enhances dopamine action
Term
levodopa
Definition
chemical precursor to dopamine
Term
70-80%
Definition
levadopa dose can be reduced by _____ if given with carbidopa
Term
glaucoma - MAOI's
Definition
levadopa can't be used in pts w/ _____ or using __
Term
Vit B6
Definition
foods high in ____ reduce the efforts of levodopa
Term
dark urine
Definition
____ is a normal s/e of dopaminergic meds
Term
Benadryl antihistimines
Definition
anticholinergics used to treat parkinsons in elderly beause less s/e
Term
Benadryl - benztrophine(Cogentin)
Definition
2 drugs used to control extrapyramidal disorders
Term
amantadine
digoxin
Haldol
phenothiazines
Definition
4 drugs that antiparkinson's cholinergic blockers interact with
Term
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Definition
alzheimers disease is treated with ______
Term
donepezil (Aricept)
Definition
preferred drug for mild to moderate dementia
Term
nausea
diarrhea
muscle cramps
weight loss
Definition
donepezil (Aricept) may cause ___ (4)
Term
namenda
Definition
new drug for alzheimers that prevents damage to brain neurons associated with excess glutamate release
Term
tacrine(Cognex)
Definition
alzheimers drug that causes hepatotoxicity
Term
aricept
exelon
cognex
reminyl
Definition
four alzheimers drugs used to increase acetylcholine in CNS by inhibiting breakdown of neuronal pathways and slowing destruction
Term
namenda
aricept
Definition
a combination of ____ and ___ shows best results for alzheimers in that it slows the symptoms
Term
memory
Definition
alzheimers drugs focus on improving _____
Term
cognex
Definition
drug given 3-4 times per day on an empty stomach
Term
6 weeks
Definition
w/in ___ of d/c anticholinesterase all benefits are lost
Term
ginko baloba
Definition
herbal supplement used for improving memory
Term
immunostimulants
Definition
drug type used to decrease the overall relapse rate of MS
Term
interferon beta la(avonex, rebif)
Definition
example of immunosupressant drug used for MS
Term
immunosupressants
Definition
______ should be used cautiously in suicidal tendancies, depression, bone marrow depression, seizure and thyroid disorders, liver problems
Term
immunostimulants
Definition
_____ can cause alopecia which is ussually temporary
Term
modafinin(Provigil)
amantadine (symmetrel)
Definition
2 drugs used to treat fatigue, memory loss, and progressive weakness of MS
Term
Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Definition
drug used to treat insomnia, anxiety, and sensitivity to pain of MS
Term
Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)
Definition
drug used to treat the acute inflammation of the CNS system with MS
Term
clonic
Definition
rapidly repeating muscle spasms
Term
tonic
Definition
prolonged muscle spasm
Term
upper motor neuron activity
Definition
many muscle relaxants treat muscle spasms by inhibiting _________ causing sedation or altering simple reflexes
Term
baclofen(Lioresal)
diazepam(Valium)
Definition
two drugs that relax muscles by acting on the CNS system to interfere with the release of Ca ions
Term
dantrolene(Dantrium)
Definition
muscle relaxant that acts directly on the muscles, not the CNS
Term
acetylcholine
Definition
neuromuscular blocking agents block the effect of ________ at the receptor
Term
nicotinic
Definition
neuromuscular blocking agents bind to ______ receptors located on the surface of skeletal muscle
Term
nicotinic blocking agents
Definition
another name for neuromuscular blockers
Term
cholinergic
Definition
neuromuscular blocking agents are anticholinergic or cholinergic
Term
voluntary
Definition
neuromuscular blockers prevent _____ muscle contraction
Term
nondepolarizing blockers
Definition
neuromuscular blockers that competes with acetylcholine for the receptor
- muscle remains relaxed
Term
depolarizing blockers
Definition
neuromuscular blockers that bind to the acetylcholine receptor
- muscle is continuously depolarized
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