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Defense Mechanisms
Definitions and examples of defense mechanisms used by clients.
18
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
10/04/2011

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Term
Repression
Definition
exclusion of unpleasant or unwanted experiences, emotions or ideas from conscious awareness.
-forgetting ex-husband's name
-first line of defense against anxiety
Term
Displacement
Definition
transfer of emotions associated with a particular person, object or situation to another person, object or situation.
-boss yells at man, man yells at wife
-domestic abuse usually displacement
Term
Reaction formation
Definition
unacceptable feelings or behaviors are kept out of awareness by developing the opposite behavior or emotion.
-man hostile toward children becomes Boy Scout leader.
Term
Somatization
Definition
transforming anxiety on an unconscious level into a physical symptom.
-professor develops laryngitis on the day he has to defend a research proposal
Term
Undoing
Definition
an action or behavior that makes up for an act or communication
-giving a gift to undo an argument
-OCD - hand washing
Term
Rationalization
Definition
justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller as well as the listener.
-"everybody cheats, so why shouldn't I?"
Term
Passive aggressiveness
Definition
aggression expressed through procrastination, failure, inefficiency, passivity and illness that affect others more than oneself.
Term
Acting out
Definition
an individual deals with emotional conflicts or stressors by actions rather than reflections or feelings.
-verbally/physically lashing out to distract oneself from threatening thoughts or feelings.
Term
Dissociation
Definition
disruption in usual integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of the environment.
-dissociative amnesia
Term
Devaluation
Definition
emotional conflicts or stressors are dealt with by attributing negative qualities to self or others. In case of others, the individual then looks good in comparison.
Term
Idealization
Definition
emotional conflicts or stressors are dealt with by attributing exaggerated positive qualities to others.
-Kids idealizing parents (good in order to build self-esteem)
-Borderline personality
Term
Splitting
Definition
inability to integrate positive and negative qualities of oneself or others into a cohesive image.
-Borderline personality - used to reverse idealization of a person.
Term
Projection
Definition
unconsciously rejecting emotionally unacceptable personal features and attributes them to other people, objects or situations.
-scapegoating
-schizophrenic paranoia
Term
Denial
Definition
escaping unpleasant realities by ignoring their existence.
-alcoholics
-psychotic denial - gross impairment in reality testing - schizophrenia
Term
Altruism
Definition
emotional conflicts or stressors are dealt with by meeting the needs of others.
-becoming a grief counselor after losing a loved one.
Term
Sublimation
Definition
unconscious process of substituting constructive and socially acceptable activity for strong impulses that are not.
-strong hostile feelings channeled into butcher shop.
-asexual person channels energy into painting.
Term
Humor
Definition
emphasizing the amusing or ironic aspects of a conflict or stressor.
Term
Suppression
Definition
conscious denial of a disturbing situation or feeling
-"I can't worry about my rent until after my exam."
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