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programmed death, process in which cells play active role in their own death - key to life & death, synonymous |
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oldest story in the world. seeked to find only person who ever gained immortality, was tested to see if worthy of gift of immortality - failed & came to accept mortality |
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3 men looking for death so can kill him before he kills them - boy warned them that death was waiting in ambush, old man told men where to find gold, men killed each other over gold - got what they were looking for |
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3 images of death in Pardoner's Tale |
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boy - told men death waiting to ambush them; old man - looked forward to death to end misery; men - looking for death to get him before he got them |
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irony of conquest of death |
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eternal struggle to conquer death even though it's natural & common |
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woman's son died, but she was in denial; priest told her to carry son to every house in village to collect seed from every house where there wasn't a death - came to accept son's death |
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traveler cannot escape death even as travels to far away lands |
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classical concepts of death |
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enemy, void - nothing at all, friend - release from pain & suffering, transition |
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classical images of death in paintings |
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thief, old man, consumer, reaper, hunter, sovereign |
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"Unity of Opposites" & "non-duality" in Hinduism |
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use of symbols to express dualistic nature of things - idea that things appear distinct while not being separate |
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make decision to live, can always give up life |
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premature death comes about from lack of social interactions; married people live the longest -> single -> widowed -> divorsed |
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conscious that self is living |
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Egyptian elimination of death through changelessness |
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denied death. preserved bodies after death to keep appearance of living |
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importance of animals to Egyptians |
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animals hardly ever change in appearance - scarab beetles symbolized unchanging life, mummified, & worn around neck for good luck. order & mystery |
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manual for mummification & judged who was "good/bad" |
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"Ka" - vital energy, what motivates self preservation "Ba" - uniqueness, qualities that make self different from others |
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Myth of Osiris, Seth, & Isis |
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Isis - sister & wife of Osiris. Seth - Osiris' jealous brother, murdered him, cut his body into pieces & spread them across Egypt so could never come back to life. Isis collected all pieces & Osiris came back to life |
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jury decided death occurs when brain dies |
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3 levels of defining death |
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1. irreversible stopping of flow of bodily fluids. 2. irreversible loss of soul from body - philosophical 3. irreversible loss of capacity for bodily integration 4. irreversible loss of consciousness or capacity for social interaction 1 + 3 = dead |
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organ transplants must abide by rule - person must be declared dead before organs can be removed, but organs must be alive |
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Uniform Anatomical Gift Act |
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standardized state laws on donation of organs & tissues - allows person to make gift at time of death w/ signed document |
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Belgium Presumed Consent Law |
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person will be organ donor unless explicitly states otherwise |
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Siddhartha saw signs of suffering when left palace - 1. sign of aging, 2. sign of serious illness, 3. signs of death itself, 4. Hindu monk at peace |
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asceticism vs prodigality |
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practicing strict self-denial as measure of personal & spiritual discipline |
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living in both extremes is unbearable; wisdom of the middle - moderate & discipline self |
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3 stages in silent meditation |
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1. memory of all past lives, 2. suffering of all human beings, 3. transitory nature of things - life=illusion; without life, no self; death happens to self, self=illusion, death=illusion |
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cycle or wheel of suffering & reincarnation |
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current that carries character |
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thirst for life, what keeps us in wheel of life |
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nir=no, vana=wind; everything still, calm, & at peace |
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1. nature of suffering, 2. origin of suffering, 3. cessation of suffering, 4. "the way" leading to end of suffering: Eightfold Path |
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1. active voluntary - intervention & choice, 2. active involuntary - intervention & no choice, 3. passive voluntary - withholding/withdrawing & choice, 4. passive involuntary - withholding/withdrawing & no choice |
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