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Death and Dying
Final
98
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/14/2008

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Term
NDE stages (5)
Definition
1) Noise- buzzing/ringing
2) Meeting Others - spiritual beings
3) Dark Tunnel - being pulled
4) Hearing the news - pronounced dead
5) Review - of life, rapid, vivid, real
Term
Most Common NDE
Definition
Out Of Body - view body as spectator
Term
Culture hinder talks of NDE
Definition
- ppl view as MENTALLY UNSTABLE
- seen as SOCIAL TABOO
- think person is LYING
Term
Hospice Goals
Definition
-aggressively treat and manage pain
- allow independence
- provide compassionate support networks
- improve quality of life
-return to more humane, family-oriented care
Term
Hospice History
Definition
- Medieval times - weary
- 1967 1st Hospice in London (Saunders)
- 1974 rejected by federal funds
- 1982 Hospice Medicare benefit (permanent 1986)
Clinton tried to guarentee
Term
Holistic Care
Definition
Treat whole person
Look for physical, mental, spiritual, & emotional well-being before recommending treatment
Term
Hospice Services
Definition
-Nurses
- Physical Therapists
- House aids
- Spiritual needs
- medical social work
- bereavement grief services
Term
Hospice- Physical Symptoms of Dying
Definition
-Fear of pain
-Fear of suffering from unrelieved pain
Term
Stages of Death
Definition
Kubler-Ross
1) denial-buffer/protection of news
2)anger-after denial breaks down
3)bargaining-negotiating w/God for more time (childish,dishonest,manipulative)
4)depression-reactive(what is already lost) & prepator(anticipation of loss)
5)acceptance-necessary for dignified death (courage&joy)
Term
McIwain
censorship of TV violence
Definition
McIwain- tv teaches how to view death & respond to it, media should be used to educate young about death
Term
McIwain
popularity of death on tv
Definition
1) soap operas-death happens more frequently than in real world (desensitizes viewers to death)
2) medical dramas - less faith in med.technologies & pessimistic about med.care b/c see it go awry on tv
Term
NDE conditions
Definition
- lack of oxygen
- head trauma
- heart attack
- surgery
Term
Changes After NDE
Definition
-personality shift (to nicer)
- sensitive to electricity, sound, + light
- universal belief of life after death
- absence of fear of death
- positive view of self & others
- increased desire for solitud
- less alcohol, less tv, no smoking
Term
NDE explanations FOR
Definition
1) highly religious America
2) come back with otherwise unknown info
Term
NDE explanation AGAINST
Definition
1) making it up
2) same effects w/drugs
3) physcological, neurophysicological
4) oxygen deprevation
Term
Medicalization Cultural Consequences
Definition
1) Institutionalization of Death
2)Fear of Dying replaces Fear of Death
3)Medicalization of Old Age
4)Fuels our cultures quest for immortality
Term
Embalming = Increase Role of the Govt in Dying Process
Definition
-Medicalization & Beauracracy.
-enabled new technology needs to be regulated by govt, fueled funeral industry, gave rise to Funeral Directors Association, Govt involved to maintain fair prices and create standards
Term
Legal Issues: BEFORE
Definition
Patient Self-Determination Act: Living Will, DBA.
Advanced Directives - keep alive or not
Term
Legal Issues: AT
Definition
Defining Death- determination, certifying
Term
Legal Issues: AFTER
Definition
Coroner, Medical Examiner, Organ/Body Donation, Legislation, Disposition of Property, Estate & Inheritance Tax
Term
Trajectories of Death
Definition
1) Lingering 2)Unexpected, quick death 3)Expected, quick death
Term
Negotiated Death
Definition
offers prospect of dying a death carved out through ACTIVE participation by patient, family, nurses, doctors, & lawyers
Term
Life-at-all-Costs
Definition
Prolong life no matter the consequences. ->will keep those in vegetative state alive, ethical?
Term
Death Prevention
Definition
1) Life at whatever cost when death is seen as a failure
2) Cultural preoccupation with the quantity of life
3) Death becomes the failure of the doctor: iatrogenic
Term
Death Penalty in US - Kearl
Definition
-public attention to ritual deconstruction of perpetrators.
-way to "manage collective sense of moral indignation & need for justice when premature death occurs"
-perpetrator understands humiliation associated w/ritual of social vengeance (not for being held accountable)
Term
Interactions (physician & dying patient)
Definition
1) avoidance neglect. 2) detached sympathetic support. 3) save life at all costs
Term
Awareness (physician & dying patient)
Definition
1) Closed awareness - medical staff aware of dying, patient is not.
2) Suspected awareness- staff knows patient is terminal and patient suspects.
3) Mutual pretense "ritual drama" - staff and patient aware but pretend otherwise.
4) Open awareness - both know, both acknowledge.
Term
Types Suicide
Definition
1) Egoistic. 2)Altruistic 3)Fatalistic 4)Anomic
Term
Characteristic Suicide
Definition
1)Egoistic- Too little social integration (isolation). 2)Altruistic- Too much social integration (little value of self compared to community). 3)Fatalistic- Too much regulation. 4)Anomic- Too little regulation (uprooted confusion, disorganization)
Term
Deconstruction of Death - Kearl
Definition
Deconstructing death into things that kill us and then attempting to eradicate these things, modern political systems have become the master agents of social control
Term
State have monopoly control over death
Definition
-Capital punishment as a ritual of retribution.
-government monitoring what Americans eat.
-spending millions of dollars on instruments of death.
-Monitoring systems to predict earthquakes.
-Health and safety warnings.
Term
Freud explains suicide
Definition
psychological explanation where individual tries to kill the introverted & directs toward self -> internalized hatred of another
Term
Psychological problems explain suicide
Definition
-private anguish
-feelings of guilt
-depression
-helplessness
-loneliness
Term
Psychosocial Collage
Definition
collage of suicide is comprised of structural conditions, of the psychological state of the individual, and of the manner in which structural or social forces converge with the personal state of the individual and define particular life situation for individuals
Term
Factors Teen Suicide
Definition
-psychological state of being, family context & history, interpersonal relationships, patterns of coping with stress, traumatic life experiences,social milieu, social isolation, sexual confusion
Term
Cadaver
Definition
human body or part used by medical science -> have been using cadavers of dead criminals in past
Term
Burke & Hare and Anatomy Acts in 1830s
Definition
body snatchers that collected bodies to sell to physicians for research -> Act prohibited stealing of bodies from graves or forced killings to sell body
Term
Disney & Death
Definition
Disney had an obsession with death. Popularity of disney and silence of death. (Death hidden themes in disney movies, also geared toward children)
Term
Disney & Death - Cultural SIgnificance
Definition
synthesizes traditional ideas with new modern doctrine of mass consumption and indulgence
Term
Six Societal Factors of Dying Process
Definition
1) Increase in Medical Technology
2) Greater Prevalence Chronic Disease
3)Earlier Diagnosis
4)Complex definition of death
5)Low incidence of fatal injuries
6)Active intervention into dying process
Term
Macro-social factors influencing suicide
Definition
-Suicides cause more suicides
-state of economy
-religion
-form of govt
Term
Euthanasia vs physician-assisted suicide
Definition
Euthanasia-> administration of death to dying - hastening/advancing.
PAD->physicians set up suicide and provide the means, patient is the one that "flips the switch" and commits the life shortening act
Term
Active Euthanasia
Definition
positive act by physician intended to bring about death of patient (lethal injection)
Term
Passive Euthanasia
Definition
act of omission or commission -> treatment and/or nutrition and hydration are discontinued (no feeding tube)
Term
Voluntary euthanasia
Definition
patient expressively asks to have euthanasia
Term
Nonvoluntary euthanasia
Definition
performed without consent (in vegetative state and cannot give consent)
Term
Involuntary Euthanasia
Definition
patient neither consents or wants
Term
Combination of Euthanasia types
Definition
ex:Active-Voluntary=terminally ill asks for euthanasia and does it themself
-Creates a slippery slope->believes might end up killing those we think should die.
Term
Social Conditions w/in Germany gave rise to Holocaust
Definition
political and economic instability = look for scapegoat, believed Germany restored with removal of Jews, mass coordination, technological dominance, mechanization, bureaucratization
Term
Cadavers. Negative to Positive
Definition
cadavers used to help prolong & enhance life of living. medical schools can cremate and return cadavers, or hold ceremonies for families of cadavers. Laws against digging up buried bodies.
Term
Example of Medicinal Cannibalism
Definition
(ritualistic eating of human flesh by human being) Honey Man Used to treat wounded Limbs
Term
5 ways Cadavers Used
Definition
1) Plastic Surgery seminars. 2) help figure out decay process for forensics. 3) car crash dummies. 4)figure out plane crash causes. 4)how weapons inflict body. 6)what shoes better for mine fields.
Term
Remains explain plane crashes
Definition
see what type and where injuries are located on bodies to figure out the source of the crash
Term
Increased Mortality of Widows
Definition
widowhood-> death of spouse leaves survivor disoriented & unprepared to adapt to new social status. -> uprooted normalness, confusion, disorganization results in disruption of traditional lifestyles
Term
Congregationally unaffiliated
Definition
don't claim membership in religious congregation
Term
"unaffiliated funerals" personalized
Definition
eulogies -> celebrate life, hope to heaven(or afterlife), importance of living good life. Most creativity is with the ashes
Term
Religious theme in "unaffiliated funerals"
Definition
People have little desire and little time to be creative, result in going to minister to handle funeral. WIll still have service, but with little religious ties.
Term
Grief
Definition
social concept, state of pain, discomfort, mental and physical impairment, follows lose of loved one
Term
Culture Roles in Grief
Definition
became individualized & now have to seek personal therapy for grief
Term
Anticipatory grief
Definition
individuals able to experience and work thru emotions of loss before physical death occurs
Term
Purpose of grief
Definition
create personal construct system - begin to accept and find themselves again
Term
Symptoms of grief
Definition
shock, numbness, stress, anger, anxiety, sadness, despair
Term
Technology Imperative
Definition
Doctrine- b/c of particular technology exists means we CAN do something then action either OUGHT to, MUST, or inevitably WILL be taken.
-Implication that technological developments, once starts cant stop.(progress inevitable, unavoidable, irreversible)
Term
Against Euthanasia
Definition
-Favor life, -medicine uncertain science, - undermines physician & patient trust, - slippery slop argument (where will killing stop)
Term
FOR Euthanasia
Definition
-prevents/stops suffering, - enhances liberty, -quality of life, not quantity
Term
Role of Technology in War
Definition
-Germany got machine guns = everyone got machine guns= everyone able to kill everyone else ("but just in case")
Term
Stat that War more Lethal
Definition
75% of war deaths happened in the last century
Term
Atomic Bomb reshaped role of govt
Definition
Govt able to control death - can inflict mass killings if need be. Can control death on enemies.
Term
Dr. Death
Definition
Dr. Jack Kevorkian, helped assist 21 suicides, lost medical license
Term
State in US allows euthanasia
Definition
Oregon
Term
"mercy-killing" vs. euthanasia
Definition
mercy-killing->someone other than doctor decides to kill in order to relieve suffering (same idea as euthanasia but without a license).
euthanasia-> acceleration, causing, or hastening of death by a licensed doctor
Term
Genocide (according to UN)
Definition
crime committed with intent to destroy in whole or in part a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group
Term
4 examples of genocide
Definition
Darfur, Holocaust, Sudan, Rwanda (Cambodia?)
Term
Acts in Article 2 of UN Convention
Definition
(all are of/from a group)-killing members, -cause serious bodily or mental harm to members, -deliberately inflicting conditions of destruction, -imposing measures to prevent birth, -forcibly transferring children to another place.
Term
Characteristic that imperative to Holocaust still in Society?
Definition
-racial ideology/hatred
-ethnocentrism
-military might
-sci/tech advanced capabilities of destruction
-bureaucratic dominance
-massification of society
Term
Unusual means of disposal
Definition
DIY, Online Funerals, SPace Burials, Cryonics
Term
Significance of Unusual Burials
Definition
create meaningful farewell, choose traditional & incorporate new practices, social events, celebration of life theme, strong communal function
Term
3 Developmental States (CHildren) Understanding Death (Nagy)
Definition
1) 5 & under: immature concept of death, don't know death is inevitable or nonreversible. 2)6-9: realize death not reversible, think only bad guys die b/c don't think it is inevitable. 3)10+ death is known as inevitable and reversible
Term
Mature conception of death
Definition
1)irreversibility 2)Nonfunctional. 3)Universality.
Term
Old method of Public Memorialization
Definition
cemeteries, shrines
Term
New Public Memorialization
Definition
Cyber memorials, AIDs quilt, make-shift memorials, floral revolution
Term
Oldest memorial in US
Definition
for dead US soldiers. ex:obelisk for those killed in Creek War, Srgt.Floyd Monument for those killed during the Lewis & Clark
Term
What leave at makeshift
Definition
roadside crosses, flowers, photos, papers, (law enforcement sometimes manages/protects them)
Term
Purpose of makeshift memorial
Definition
temporary statement of grief
Term
Example of makeshift memorial
Definition
Bombing 1996 Olympic Games AT,GA; Death of Princess Diana, Ground Zero 9/11
Term
Steps Develop Awareness of Death in dying child
Definition
1)Diagnosis. 2)Figuring names of drugs & relating them to side effects. 3)Knowledge of symptoms associated with disease & treatments. 4)remission & relapse recognition. 5)eventual understanding that remission&relapse lead to death
Term
FEI
Definition
Forever Enterprises, INC.
Term
Services of FEI
Definition
1)video. 2)digital storage of video. 3)computer networking.
Term
Funeral Webcasting -> onstage vs off-stage
Definition
onstage->touch, see, hear, taste dead. look @ others reactions. important experience. offstage->actions/interactions after funeral.

webcasting takes away from interactive funeral, denies social connection
Term
Effects of FEI
Definition
denies social connection. will change cultural perception of a funeral. allow grieving to never fully "let go." business of funeral/death will change
Term
3 effects of ritual relating to funeral
Definition
1) Common identification. 2) facilitate sense of dying. 3) reaffirm legitamcy of broader social order. All of theses are the reasons we have funerals - allow a sense of closer by having rituals
Term
sign of decline with Am. funerals
Definition
1) loss of religious belief. 2) diminished authority of clergy. 3) increased individualism
Term
sign of renewal with Am. funerals
Definition
continuation of religious sensibilities in new forms
Term
Postmodern FUnerals
Definition
personalization, informality, participation = more authentic experience, about choice & more autonomy
Term
Personalizing Tradition
Definition
focus on eulogy, loss of hardcore religion
Term
Cultural significance on personalizing tradition and postmodern funerals
Definition
social events, individualism
Term
psychosocial problems with parents with dying child
Definition
1)making child-care arrangments. 2)arranging child care for other children. 3/4)encountering disciplinary difficulties with child & siblings. 5)feelings of helplessnes. 6)loss of confidence in parenting. 7)financial difficulties. 8)sense of being avoided. 9)feeling need to reassure and comfort others
Term
FEI services
Definition
1)life story video, 2)life story library(digital storage). 3)life theatre. 4)web cast funerals
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