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Daylighting Chapter 14
Building Technology V
45
Architecture
Undergraduate 4
10/31/2012

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Cards

Term
daylighting
Definition
most effective as energy saving technique in commercial and institutional buildings
Term
  1. analysis and design techniques
  2. thermal-illumination tradeoffs
  3. sun and glare control
  4. Lighting Control
Definition
4 main issues of daylighting
Term
Light-emitting diodes
Definition
LED
Term
heat sinks, cooling fins
Definition
what heat management elements are found in LEDS?
Term
higher temperatures
Definition
what damages LEDS?
Term
DC power
Definition
what kind of power does diodes use?
Term
internal circuits
Definition
what must LED lamps include to operate AC voltage?
Term
they now make high power light-emitting diodes with higher lumen output 
Definition
why is it possible for use to replace lamps with LED lamps?
Term
the output of individual light-emitting diodes is small compared to incandescent
Definition
why are multiple diodes often used together?
Term

7527 lumens

 

using only 100 watts

Definition
how many lumens can emit from a commercial LED ight?
Term

long life

high energy efficiency

high inital costs

Definition
characteristics of LEDs
Term
controlled daylight with supplemented artifical illumination
Definition
what is the goal for all light design?
Term
commercial and institutional
Definition
in what buildings is energy saving most effective?
Term
daylight
Definition
diffuse light
Term
sunlight
Definition
direct light
Term
analysis and design techniques
Definition
lack of accurate but simple techniques, lack of data on sky conditions, changing nature of natrual light
Term
thermal-illumination tradeoffs
Definition
simple comparisons because other computations are not valid
Term
screens, shutters, blinds, awnings, heat-absorbing and reflective glass
Definition
glare controls
Term

increase luminance of interior

 

avoid sharp contrasts

 

position windows to not so bright views

 

shading devices

Definition
how do you avoid glare?
Term
side lighting and top lighting
Definition
what two ways does light get into a building
Term
when windows are on opposite sides of the room
Definition
when is light most uniform?
Term
higher windows
Definition
what permits deeper penetration of daylight?
Term
they act as reflectors
Definition
 what happens when you place windows perpendicular to each other?
Term
tilting the window at an oblique angle allows for more light to enter
Definition
how can you allow more light to enter a space?
Term
15-20 feet
Definition
how far back does side lighting effect?
Term
top lighting
Definition
what can provide uniform distribution of lighting but limited to low-rise buildings
Term

clerestories

interior diffusers

splay openings

 

judical placement will avoid glare

Definition
types of top lighting
Term
indoor illuminance / outdoor illuminance
Definition
daylight factor
Term
in cloudy sky and clear sky conditions
Definition
when do you use the daylight factor?
Term
sky, external reflectance, internal reflectance
Definition
what sources does daylight come from?
Term
sky component  SC
Definition
portion of daylight illuminance received directly through a window minus the light losses
Term
externally reflected component ERC
Definition
daylight reflected from exterior obstructions to the window
Term
internally reflected component IRC
Definition
light that reaches the task comes from secondary sources
Term
2.5H rule
Definition
there is adequate daylight on the workplane for a distance from the window equal to the head height of the window above the work plane
Term
15' deep from the window is adequately lit, next 15' zone is partially daylit, anything further gets no daylight
Definition
15/30 rule
Term

CIE method

 

Definition
design methods
Term
CIE method
Definition
predicts the minimum DF for a point 2 feet from the rear wall opposite the window
Term

on-off manual system

 

multi-level on off

 

continuous dimming

 

occupancy scheduling

 

luminance maintenance

 

load shedding

Definition
simple energy saving strategies
Term
on-off manual system
Definition
individual or grouped fixture
Term
multi-level on off
Definition
zoned system with control of small groups fixtures
Term
continuous dimming
Definition
installation more costly but can handle large number of fixtures; made possible by dimmable ballasts for fluorescents
Term
occupancy scheduling
Definition
timers, motion detectors
Term
luminance maintenance
Definition
continuous dimming
Term
load shedding
Definition
peak demand monitoring, timers
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