Term
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Definition
| oxidative breakdown of glucose; two stages are glycolysis and respiration |
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Term
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Definition
– breakdown of 1 glucose => 2 pyruvate in CYTOplasm
• Glucose => 2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H +2H20
• Phosphofructokinase (step 3) – rate determining step; ATP consumed
• Step 4 where fructose splits into 2 PGAL molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| anaerobic conditions; NAD+ must be regenerated; produces only 2ATP per glucose |
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Term
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Definition
– can yield 36-38 ATP; O2 is final acceptor // PDC, CAC, ETC
• PDC – mito MATRIX; CO2 is lost; NAD+ reduced to NADH
• Citric Acid Cycle – Krebs cycle 2Acetyl-CoA => 4CO2 + 6NADH + 2FADH2 + 2GTP + 4H +2CoA
• ETC – also called OXIDATIVE phosphorylation INNER mito MEMbrane; electrons transferred from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen; cytochromes are the carrier molecules with Fe in functional unit |
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Term
| Eukaryotic ATP production / glucose |
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Definition
glycolysis (6 ATP)
2ATP invested -2 ATP
4ATP generated +4 ATP
2NADH X 2 +4 ATP
*PDC (6 ATP)
2NADH X 3 +6 ATP
*CAC (24 ATP)
6NADH X 3 +18 ATP
2FADH2 X 2 +4 ATP
2GTP X 1 +2 ATP
_________
TOTAL +36 ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| When glucose runs low, body utilizes the following in order: other carbs (glycogen in liver), fats, proteins (only when carbs and fats gone) |
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Term
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Definition
| Fats are stored in adipose tissue as triglyceride / hydrolyzed by lipases to fatty acids / carried by blood to tissues/ must be activated / GREATEST ATP yield / synthesized in cytosol / B-oxidation in mitochondrial matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| converts lactate back to glucose |
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Definition
| occurs in plants & bacteria. |
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Definition
| where gas exchange between the circulatory system and the lungs occurs; surfactant reduces the surface tension |
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Term
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Definition
– diaphragm contracts/ flattens; increase in volume / decrease in pressure in lungs
• nasal cavity → trachea → bronchus → bronchiole → alveoli |
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Term
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Definition
| – passive process; decrease in volume/ increase in air pressure; diagphram expands |
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Term
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Definition
hemoglobin unloads O2 under conditions of low pH (high CO2 & [H+])
*Oxygen diffuses from alveolar air into blood |
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