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Definition
| produce lymphocytes (type of agranular white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system) by mitosis |
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Definition
| is the only optically inactive amino acid, since it has no chiral carbons |
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Definition
| = half-equivalence pH. Amino acid deprotonates @ higher pH & becomes protonated @ lower pH. |
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Definition
| uric acid crystals deposit in tissues (ex. big toe) |
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Definition
| caused by insufficient arginine vasopressin production |
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Definition
| high amt. of the amino acid, phenylalanine, in blood; can cause mental retardation |
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Definition
| lack of TSH hormones production in thyroid |
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Definition
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| Fatty acids and environment |
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Definition
| • In a warmer environment, the organism will want to increase its % of unsaturated fatty acids, so that fatty acids will be more fluid and the melting point will decrease. |
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Term
| Cholesterol and Prokaryotes |
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Definition
| • Prokaryotes lack cholesterol in their membranes, unlike eukaryotes. |
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Definition
| only having one copy of a chromosome |
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Definition
| – inactivated X chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| • activity of sweat glands decrease as we age |
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Term
| Body temp and Blood vessels |
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Definition
| • as body temperature increases, blood vessels dilate |
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Definition
| tough protective envelope developed by the sea urchin as a block to polyspermy |
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Definition
| offer the greatest resistance to blood flow in the circulation |
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Term
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Definition
| • If the phenotype “skips” generations be suspicious of an autosomal recessive disorder. However if there is no skip, it is most likely an autosomal dominant disorder. Be suspicious for X-linked recessive, if a father doesn’t have the phenotype, none of his daughters display it. |
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Term
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Definition
| • Early earth consisted of a reducing atmosphere of CH4, NH3, H2, H2S, H2O. |
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Term
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Definition
| • t-RNA, m-RNA, r-RNA are produced in transcription. T-RNA will have “cloverleaf” structure |
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Term
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Definition
| have high O¬2 demand, giant nerve fibers, & a closed circulatory system. |
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Definition
| division of Protozoan; diverse group of parasites (ex. plasmodium), cause malaria in humans |
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Definition
| 5 quarts of blood in average sized adult |
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Term
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Definition
| • In a typical antibody, the heavy and light chains are linked by disulfide bonds. |
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Definition
| Rh- mother (no Rh antigen, makes Rh antibodies), Rh+ fetus |
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Term
| Founder effects and Bottlenecks |
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Definition
occur when a population is originated or rebuilt from very few individuals = ex. of genetic drift, amt. of genetic variation is very limited.
o Genetic/Population bottleneck – result of a disaster nearly wiping out a large population |
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Definition
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Definition
| shrinkage of a cell due to water loss |
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| Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny |
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Definition
| – refers to embryonic stages of development of an organism repeat the evolutionary history of the species |
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Definition
| can be virulent, form chains; staphylococci form clusters |
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Term
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Definition
| • For each subsequent level in the energy pyramid, the energy increases by 10 |
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Definition
| in the anaerobic sediments of lakes/ponds, carry out photosynthesis with H2, H2S, or D as the electron donor, oxygen is not a byproduct. |
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Term
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Definition
| • pH of lysosome is 5, pH of cytosol is 7 |
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Term
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Definition
| • Starch and glucose are polymers of alpha glucose. Polysaccharides are branched/linear. Peptides can only be linear. Polysaccharides can have alpha or beta linkages. |
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Definition
| – inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, and cause death respiratory paralysis |
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Definition
| autosomal recessive disease; lipid buildup in brain cells from lysosomal enzyme defect |
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Term
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Definition
| • Cells of PCT & DCT are very rich in mitochondria because of active transport. Ammonia = waste product of aquatic animals; uric acid = birds, reptiles, & insects |
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Term
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Definition
| motor protein; used for movement in 9+2 flagella & cilia; may also be used in chromosomal movement |
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Definition
| microtubules (ex. flagella & cilia), microfilaments, intermediate filaments. |
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Term
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Definition
| hyperbolic, Hemoglobin curve = sigmoidal. Myoglobin has higher affinity for O2 than hemoglobin. Myoglobin has no change in O2 binding over a pH range. |
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Definition
| has no blood supply, and depends on dermis for oxygen and nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
• Higher metabolic rate = higher oxygen demand = hemoglobin not as saturated with O2
o Lower metabolic rate = lower O2demand = more saturated |
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Term
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Definition
| • A genetic map includes crossover frequencies |
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Term
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Definition
| homologous chromosomes and/or sister chromatids |
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Term
| Autosomal Recessive Disorders |
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Definition
| • ex. of autosomal recessive disorders = PKU disease, sickle-cell anemia, and galactosemia |
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Term
| parasite & host population |
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Definition
| • parasite & host population densities mimic each other |
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Definition
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Definition
| – modifying plasmid DNA for use as a vector to inject specific DNA into an cell |
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Definition
| chromosome integrated with plasma DNA |
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Definition
| planned cell death (ex. diabetes) |
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Definition
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Definition
| metabolically active protein clusters; precursor to the prokaryote |
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Term
| Down syndrome people are prone to |
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Definition
| • People with Down Syndrome are prone to leukemia and Alzheimer’s disease |
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Term
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Definition
| animals w/ stomachs of alkaline pH; usually 4 chambers capable of digesting cellulose |
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