Term
| Kingdom Monera (bacteria) |
|
Definition
| prokaryotes that reproduce Asexually; circular DNA (transcription and translation occur in same place at same time); cell wall made of peptidoglycan which contains D-alanine (animal AA have L-configuration**) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have thin peptidoglycan but have additional outer layer; three mechanisms for acquiring new genetic material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (use of lysogenic phage). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (once cell copies DNA => transferred through bridge/ F+ is male) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| – called blue-green algae (NOT same algae from protista); cell wall and have photosynthetic pigments; NO flagella, NO nucleus, NO mito |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| – single loop of DNA; can be round (cocci), rods (bacilli), or spiral (spirilla) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unicellular eukaryotes; membrane bound nucleus and organelles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rhizopods (amoebas) move w/ pseudopods; cilliophors move w/ cilia; ex. Paramecium, green algae, Volvox |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| photosynthetic; ex phytoplankton and euglena (move w/ flagellum) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| photosynthetic; ex phytoplankton and euglena (move w/ flagellum) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branching filament of fungi, most are divided by septa (perforated w/ holes large enough for organelles), collectively known as mycelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| : zygomycetes (ex. bread mold), basidiomycetes (ex. mushrooms), ascomycetes (ex. sac fungi) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| photosynthetic autotrophs; differentiation of tissues (photosynthetic, supportive, vascular, absorptive); alternation of generations (reproduction) |
|
|
Term
| Division Bryophyta (Plantae) |
|
Definition
– simple plants; must live in moist places; gametophyte is dominant; sporophyte develops into archegonium; NO xylem
i. Mosses – primitive; gametophyte and sporophyte grow together
ii. Liverworts – leaf-like plant; consists of lower part (rhizoids), middle part (food storage), upper part (photosynthetic) |
|
|
Term
| Division Tracheophyta (Plantae) |
|
Definition
vascular plants, radial symmetry; grow to great heights; sporophyte dominant
i. Psilophytes – most primitive; contain rhizoids instead of roots
ii. Lycophyta – club mosses; roots, non-woody
iii. Sphenophytes – horsetail; roots, hollow-jointed stems
iv. Pterophyta – fern; evolved from psilopsids, many vascular bundles; sperm are flagellated; grow from rhizome; sporangium is under leaves |
|
|
Term
| Division Coniferophyta (Plantae) |
|
Definition
gymnosperms (naked-seeded plants); megaspores (large female cones) and microspores (small male cones); specialized cambium tissue allows for secondary growth; gymnospoerms can grow in diameter as well as length
a. Cycads, pines, spruce, firs – (most are evergreens / nondeciduous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
angiosperms; covered seeds; most abundant of all plants
a. Dicotyledons (net veined leaves) and Monocotyledons (leaves w/ parallel veins) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multicellular, motile, heterotrophic organisms w/ differentiated tissues; most have bilateral symmetry; all employ some form of locomotion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sponges; two layers of cells; have pores; sessile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
jellyfish, coral, hydra; digestive sac sealed at one end; net nerves; two layers of cells (ectoderm/ endoderm); RADIALLY symmetrical
a. cnidoblasts – specialized cells located in the tentacles and bodywalls of coloenterates; interior of cnidoblasts filled with stinging cells (nematocysts) |
|
|
Term
| Platyhelminthes (Animalia) |
|
Definition
| – flat worm; bilaterally symmetrical; 3 layers of cells (solid mesoderm); NO circulatory system; nervous system consists of eyes, anterior brain ganglion & longitudinal nerve cords |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| round worms; long digestive tubes & anus; solid mesoderm; NO circulartory system; nerve cords and nerve ring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| – earthworms; possess coelom (true body cavity – in mesoderm); well defined systems including nervous, circulatory, and excretory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
clams; softbodied & posses mantles which secrete calcareous (calcium carbonate); breathe by gills; chambered hearts; nerve chords
a. Class Gastropoda – largest Molluscan class; ex. slugs & snails; characterized by single shell
b. Class Cephalopoda – octopus and squid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insects, spiders, crustaceans (lobster); jointed appendages, chitinous exoskeleton, and open circulatory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| starfish; RADIALLY symmetrical; regeneration; evolutionary evidence suggesting a link b/w echinoderms and chordates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| notochord; lancelets & tunicates & amphoxius (not vertebrates because retain notochord) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
– possess 2 chambered heart; gills; external fertilization
i. Jawless – sucking mouth; retain notochord; primitive (Agnatha)
ii. Cartilaginous – jaws and teeth; reduced notochord; ex shark (chondrichthys)
iii. Bony – most prevalent; lack notochord; ex trout (Osteichthys) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tadpole; has lungs; 3 chambered heart; external fertilization; eggs are laid in water w/ jelly like secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lungs; internal fertilization; cold blooded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
warm blooded; 4 chambered heart
i. long Loop of Henle = concentrated urine = uric crystals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| warm blooded; feed offspring w/ milk from mammary glands |
|
|
