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Definition
composed of one million nephrons; outer cortex, inner medulla, and renal pelvis
• ureter – where urine leaves kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
composed of renal corpuscle and renal tubule; reabsorbs nutrients, salts, and water
• Renal corpuscle – glomerulus (sieve) surrounded by Bowman’s capsule
• Renal tubule – proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct |
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Term
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Definition
| filtration, secretion, and reabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid that goes through glomerulus (afferent arteriole => glomerulus => efferent) to the rest of the nephron is called filtrate; particles that are too large to filter through (blood and albumin) remain in circulatory system; passive process; driven by hydrostatic pressure of blood |
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Definition
| – substances such as acids, bases, and ions (K+) are secreted by both passive / active transport; secreted from peritubular capillaries |
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Definition
| – glucose, salts, AA, and water are reabsorbed from filtrate & return to blood; takes place namely in PROXIMAL convoluted tubule (active) |
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Definition
| when dehydrated volume of fluid in bloodstream is low so you need to make small amounts of concentrated urine => ADH prevents water loss by making distal tubule permeable to water /// when Blood Pressure is low => aldosterone increases reabsorption of Na+ by distal nephron which increases water retention (serum [Na+] increases BP) |
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Term
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Definition
Selective permeability of the tubules establishes an osmolarity gradient in the surrounding interstitial fluid
Urine is hypertonic to the blood and contains a high urea and solute concentration. |
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Definition
| created by exiting / entering of solutes; increases from cortex to medulla |
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Term
| Counter Current Multiplier |
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Definition
| descending loop permeable to water & ascending is permeable to salts / ions; this makes the medulla very salty and facilitates water reabsorption |
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