True or False:

Molecules in the same period react the same.

True or False:

The noble gases are extremely reactive

Even # protons and/or neutrons

N/z ration = 1

True or False:

1/2 life is constant in 1st order rxns

Which radius is smaller and why?

Mg or Mg^2+

Which has a smaller radius and why?

S or S^2-

True or False:

Solid compound are good electrical conductors?

True or False:

Compounds with Ionic bonding have Very High MP but low BP

True or False:

Compounds with metallic bonding are electrically and thermally conductive

Lewis base- donates both electrons

Lewis Acid- does not contribute electrons to the bond

Rank the following in strength

Dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole, london dispersion

Higher IMF's = higher BP, MP, Viscosity, and Surface tension.

Higher IMF's = lower vapor pressure

1) Gas molecules have no volume

2) No IMF's

1) All group 1 metals, NO3-, NH4+, ClO4-, C2H3O2- salts are SOLUBLE

2) Most Ag+, Pb 2+, Hg2 2+ salts are INSOLUBLE

Delta T = -i*Kf*m

Use this when trying to figure out the new freezing point when a different solute is added

What are the rate expressions for each of the reactants and products

2 NH3 ----> N2 + 3H2

Delta [N2]/delta t

Delta [H2]/ 3*delta t

Delta [NH3]/2*delta t

0th- concentration has no effect

1st- concentration is directly proportional to rate

2nd- concentration is squared to get rate

Find the change in concentration and figure out how much it is multiplied by and set that as 2^x (if concentration is doubled 3^x if tripled). Then go to the rate and figure out the same thing. Set this value = to 2^x

2^x=4

Now solve for X and this will be the order for that concentration and plug it into the equation

Unimolecular- 1 reactant molecule

Bimoleuclar- 2 reactant molecules

termolecular- 3 reactant molecules

True or False:

Temperature has no effect of the activation energy

Increase temperature, lower Ea.

[ ] has ZERO effect

This ONLY works if NO common ions are present.

Figure out how many ions of each atom that the compound will split into and set the # per atom as a coefficient and exponent. Then solve for X.

Ex) BiI3    Ksp= x*3x^3 = 27x^4

How would you go about solving this problem:

What is the solubility of AgCl in 0.1M HCl?

Ksp = 1.8*10^-10

1st, write the Ksp equation and add 0.1 to the common ion

Ksp = x * x+0.1

2nd, assume the x next to the 0.1 is negligible

1.8*10^-10 = x*0.1

3rd, solve for x

1.8*10^-10/0.1=x

x=1.8*10^-9

Henderson-Hasselback

pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]

Because the conjugate base that you form from the weak acid is an actual base and not a neutral salt. The DAT will word it like this, "The weak acid will undergo hydrolysis to form hydroxide"

NOT because a strong base is present vs. a stong acid!!

Delta E = q + w

OR

Delta E = q-P*delta V

-50 J

-100+50=-50

From the following equation, how can we tell that delta S is positive?

2C(s) + O2(g) ----> 2CO(g)

Breaking- endothermic

Forming- exothermic

1) 1 mole of product is being formed

2) Reactants are all elements in their standard state

Which of these values changes, if any:

Delta G

Delta G not

Delta G

Delta G not does not change ever

What is the equation used to solve for Delta G?

True or False:

When at a phase change temperature, the two phases are in equilibrium with one another?

Galvanic- Anode - Cathode +

Electrolytic- Anode + Cathode -

e- flows through the wire

ions flow through the salt bridge

E = E not - (.0592/n) * log Q

Q = [material in products]/[material in reactants]

1) The sum of the potentials is positive

2) One molecule is oxidized and one is reduced

Delta G <0

Ecell>0

K>Q

Anions- Anode

Cations- Cathode

*Need periodic table*

What is the e- configuration for Cu+?

Which of the following is paramagnetic? Why?

Cl-, Ag, Cu+, Mg 2+

Which of the following is diamagnetic? Why?

Cu+, Fe3+, Ca+

How many orbitals are in the 4th shell?

Which of the following is likely to be radioactive? Why?

Mg(24), O(16), Au(196), C(12)

(X) denotes isotope number

Which of the following is likely to decay by alpha emission and why?

Ne(23), He(4), Ur(235), C(14)

Which is most likely to decay by beta emission? Why?

Ca(40), O(16), C(14), N(14)

What is the product of the alpha decay of (210)Po?

*Need Periodic Table*

(210)Po ----> (4)He + (206)X

X = Pb

Which of the following has the highest 1st ionization energy? Why?

Al, Si, P, S, Mg

*Need Periodic Table*

P

The exception to the trend is that group 5 is greater than group 6

Which of the following has an ionic radius smaller than its corresponding atomic radius?

N, Li, O, Cl

Which of the following has the highest e- affinity?

O, N, C, F

Which of the following has the highest 2nd ionization energy? Why

Mg, Na, C, Be

Which of the following has the highest BP and why?

H2O, HOCH2CH2OH, Ar, NaCl, CH3OCH3

Highest BP? Why?

HOCH2CH2OH, CH3CH2OH, H2O, NaOH

Highest BP? Why?

CH3OH, (CH3)2, CH3F, CH4

Highest VP?

Kr, Ar, Ne, He

Highest BP?

CH3OH, CH3CH2OH, CH3(CH2)F, CH3(CH2)2OH

Which of the following are exothermic and endothermic?

Vaporization, Condensation, Sublimation, Fusion

Condensation- exothermic

Vaporization, Sublimation, Fusion- endothermic

Which of the following has the highest KEavg at 25 degrees C?

CO2, Ar, F2, all the same

True or False:

The gas with the most IMF's will behave most ideally?

Which of the following is most likely an ideal gas?

Ne, CO2, H2O, Xe

Which of the following increases BP the most? Why?

BaSO4, KCl, CH3OH, CaCl2

-1.86 * m = -0.62

m = 0.33

Which of the following has the highest freezing point? Why

1.5m CH3CH2OH, 0.7m AlCl3, 1.2m C8NO3, 1m NaCl

Which of the following has the highest freezing point?Why?

1.5 m CH3CH2OH, 0.7m AlCl3, 1.2m C8NO3, 1m NaCL

[image] because valid rate expressions are positive for products and negative for reactants.

Thus, choice 1 would be correct if if were 1/5 instead of 5/1

2*1=2 3^2=9

9*2=18

18

In the following equation, what will maximize CO production?

2C(s) + O2(g) ---> 2CO(g)    delta H = -566kJ

Decrease the volume, decrease temperature, remove O2, increase pressure

3x^3*x = 27x^4=3.0*10^-19

3.0*10^-19/27=x^4

1.0*10^-20=x^4

x=1.0*10^-5

What is the Ksp if the molar solubility of

MX2 is 2.0*10^-6 M?

4x^3=Ksp

4(2.0*10^-6)^3=Ksp

4*8.0*10^-18 = Ksp

Ksp = 3.2*10^-17

What is the molar solubility of BaF2 in 0.1M NaF

Ksp, BaF2 = 3.2*10^-8

3.2*10^-8 = x * 0.1^2

3.2*10^-8/0.1^2 = x

x = 3.2*10^-6 M

Which of the following will AgCl be least soluble? Why?

.15M AgNO3, .08M MgCl2, Pure H2O, 0.1M HCl

What is the strongest acid listed here? How do you know?

H2O, H2S, H2Te, H2Se

-log(2.0*10^-4) = 3.8

If this were for a weak acid, Ka would be needed to solve this problem

What is the pH of 0.1M HCN (Ka = 5.0*10^-10)?

Ka=([H+][A-])/[HA]

5.0*10^-10*0.1=x^2

5.0*10^-11=x^2

-log(5.0*10^-5.5)=x

x=5.2

Which of the following has a pH closest to 7 and why?

KClO2, CaCl2, Al(NO3)3, NaHCO3

Which of the following would form a buffer solution and why?

What is the pH of a solution with .05M HF and .05M NaF

Ka, HF = 6.8*10^-4

.05/.05 = 1 so pH = pKa

-log6.8*10^-4 = pKa

pKa=pH=3.2

What is the pH of a solution containing .003M HF and .02M NaF?

Ka, HF = 6.8*10^-4

pH = pKa + log[A-]/[HA]

pKa=-logKa=3.2

.02/.003 = 6.67*10^1

log6.67*10^1=.8

3.2+.8 = 4.0

How much heat is released when 120 grams of Ca(s) reacts with O2

Delta H not = -1271 kJ

2Ca(s) + O2 (g) ---> 2CaO(s)

120g*(1/40g)*(1271/2mol Ca) = 1.5

1271*1.5 = 1907 kJ

Which of the following is a formation reaction? Why?

C + O2 (g) ----> CO2(g)

N2(g) + H2(g) ---> 2NH3(g)

C+CO2(g) --->2CO(g)

1/2 H2(g) + 1/2 N2(g) + 3/2 O2(g) --->HNO3(g)

1/2 H2(g) + 1/2 N2 (g) + 3/2 O2(g) ---> HNO3(g)

because all of the reactants are in their standard state and there is only one mole of product

Which of the following is false about an electrolytic cell and why?

E is consumed, e- from anode to cathode, oxidation @ cathode, electricity is used

How many moles of e- are produce by the electrolysis of NiCl2 using 10 Amps for 30 min. F=96500

(Not exact number just the intermediate step to solve for the answer)

Malleable- deformed w/o breaking

ductile- drawn into wires