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Definition
| 1665 - "coined" the term "cell" while looking at cork. |
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Term
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Definition
1667 - First to see protozoans
-Developed the micoroscope |
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Definition
1830s - First to see the nucleus.
-On a stained specimen |
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| States that "animals are composed of cells" |
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Definition
1858 - Austrian, Formulates the "Cell Theory"
-Basic Statements: 1. Cell = basic unit of life.
2. Cells reproduce to to make other cells |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic |
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Term
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Definition
Simple cells, lacking most organelles and a true nucleus. -> have nuclioid and ribosomes
-Only belong to manera (archibacteria and eubacteria) |
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Term
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Definition
True nucleus
-All other forms of life
-Complex Cells
-Complex organelles |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
"command center"
-directs all cell activity
-hold chromatin: tangled mass of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
-46 chromosomes
-except sperm (33) and egg (23): together they = 46 |
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Definition
-Protein
-DNA wraps itself around histone and creates chromosomes |
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Definition
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Definition
"communication center"
site of production of RNA |
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Definition
-Surround the nucleus
-Semipermeable (molecules can pass in and out of the membrane depending on size) |
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Term
| Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane) |
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Definition
"Gatekeeper"
-semipermeable
-selectively regulates passage of materials in and out of the cell
-dynamic/fluid
-living material |
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Term
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Definition
-Outside of plants, fungi, algae, bacteria
-Supports and protects
-nonfluid
-nonliving
-composed of cellulose |
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Term
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Definition
"Power house"
*cellular respiration occurs
-Glucose -> ATPs (energy)
-Double membrane - inner has many folds: called the cristae (many folds allows for a greater surface area, creating greater production of energy) |
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Term
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Definition
"super highways"
-series of channels to transport materials around the cell
Rough ER: with ribosomes
Smooth ER: without ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
"protein factories"
*where proteins are made (most things are composed of proteins)
-Site of protein synthesis |
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Term
| Golgi Bodies (Apparatus/Complex) |
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Definition
Non connected flattened sacs stacked on top of eachother: Each individual sac = cisternae
-Store, modefy, sort out, and secrete cell products
ex. involved in the making of lysosomes |
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Term
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Definition
"clean up crew"
-sacs of digestive enzymes
-will latch onto something (like a mitochondria) and break it down |
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Term
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Definition
-Larges organelle in plant cell (also found in animal cells)
-filled with water
-They are vesicles containing H2O, or food, or wastes
Endocytosis: taking it in
Exocytosis: moving out |
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Term
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Definition
Found in plants and algae
-membrane bound vesicles
ex.) chromoplasts |
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Term
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Definition
-pigments containing organelles
ex.) Chloroplasts which contains the pigment clorophil |
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Term
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Definition
Store food (starches and lipids)
-energy source during dormant seasons |
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Definition
stack of thylokoids = Granum -> which contains chloroplasts
-site of photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| area near the nucleus containing a pair of centrioles |
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Term
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Definition
9 sets of 3 microtubules
-proteins that form tiny tubes
-2 centrioles found in a pair at right angles to one another
-play very important role in mitosis
-only found in animal cells
-found in area called centricome |
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Term
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Definition
Microtubule: hollow tubes of protein + Microfilament: tiny solid protein strands
-together forms the skeletal structure or our cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of materials in and out of a cell. |
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Definition
Movement of materials from an are of high concentration to area of lesser concentrations
-continues until a dynamic equilibrium is reached |
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Solute + Solvent
-Solvent (greater) dissolves the solute (lesser) -H2O - universal solvent |
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Definition
| lesser concentration of a solute |
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Definition
| Greater concentration of a solute |
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Definition
| Equal concentration of solute |
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Definition
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Definition
Excessive cell H2O loss
"shrinkage"
-dehydrated -> results in cell death |
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Definition
Pressure resulting from H2O moving into a cell
-called turgor pressure in plants |
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Term
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Definition
Protein channel used to help glucose diffusion
"gate" in the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
Requires ATP (use of energy)
-low -> high concentration
ex. kidney cells |
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Term
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Definition
taking into the cell
ex. phagocytosis: White blood cells engulf bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
"cell drinking"
taking in liquids or very small solids |
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Term
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Definition
Group of lipid
-glycerold, 2 fatty acids, and PO4 |
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Term
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Definition
found in membrane
-made of phosphate and glycerol
-polar
hydrophilic (water loving)
-charged
-move side to side |
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Term
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Definition
Found in membrane
Made of the two fatty acids
-nonpolar
-Hydrophobic: repel water
-not charged
-move vertically |
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Term
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Definition
Lipid only found in animals
- rigid lipid supplying structure to the fluid membrane
-affected by heat |
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Term
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Definition
| Receptors for incoming chemical messages |
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Term
| Division of labor + Cell organelle interaction |
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Definition
-each cell has a specific function
-organelles work together for the proper functioning of a cell
ex. production of lysosomes |
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