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cwc
test 2
99
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 2
10/10/2011

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Term
arian controversy - on a search for an agreed definition of faith rather than
Definition
a constant controversy
Term
what political figure provided the background for the arian controversy
Definition
constantine- because he was attempting to create a unified city staste.
Term
eusebius was the bishop of
Definition
nicomedia
Term
who assumed leadership over those who followed arius' ideas?
Definition
eusebius
Term
nicea was more a triumph of an anti-arian majority than of a
Definition
pro- alexandrian sentiment
Term
arian controversy unfolded during what century?
Definition
4th
Term
arian controversy -- the homoousians supported the wording adopted at nicea- the son is of the same substance with the father. who were the spokespersons of this?
Definition
athanasius and hilary of poiters, bishop of rome, catholic position
Term
the homoiousians- who said the son is of a similar substance to the father- were concerned about possible sabellian implications of the other stance and wanted to preserve the distincness of father, son and holy spirit. who was the leader?
Definition
basil , wide support of easter empire
Term
homeans- (like or similar) avoided the word ousia (together)- least clearly defined position. who was the leader?
Definition
constantius II
Term
the anomoeans- the son is unlike the father- the development of the extreme arian view
Definition
led by aetius and eunomius
Term
athanasius was a symbol for
Definition
the nicean position
Term
arian controversy was mostly a debate over the meaning of
Definition
scripture texts
Term
athanasius life
Definition
300-373
Term
julian the apostates role in the arian controversy
Definition
universal pagan monothesitic cultus
Term
athanasians called themselves
Definition
niceans
Term
what was the core problem of unity and distinction in the Godhead?
Definition
homoiousian party insisted that like substance safeguardeed the separateness of the three persons against sabellianism- but went far enough to show the identity of substance- to say same substance meant there was no distinction
Term
council of constantinople date?
Definition
381
Term
who called for the council of constantinople?
Definition
theodosius
Term
result of council of constantinople ?
Definition
same creed as council of nicea, but its fuller, and omits its anathemas-- reaffirmed that the son was consubstantial with the Father and confirmed the divinity of the holy spirit.
Term
why did some councils become authoratative and others not?
Definition
depends on reception, who and how- basically, they needed rome and athanasius
Term
fourth century church was characterized by
Definition
institutionalizing and intellectualizing
Term
nicea was the first council to be recognized as ecumencial, which means
Definition
it represents the universal church
Term
eusebius
Definition
church historian, apologist, moderate origenist
Term
basil of caesara
Definition
ecclesiastical statesman
Term
john chrysostom
Definition
preacher
Term
augustine
Definition
most influential latin theologian
Term
john cassian
Definition
mediator of eastern theology and monasticism to the west
Term
ambrose
Definition
ecclesiastical statesman
Term
gregory of nazianzus
Definition
orator and theologian
Term
who were the three cappadocians?
Definition
basil, gregoty of nazianzus, and gregory of nyssa
Term
what did the three great cappadocians represent?
Definition
the height of christian culture in the fourth century
Term
who was the greatest orator of the 4th century?
Definition
gregory nazianzus
Term
what kind of life did gregory nazianzus prefer?
Definition
quiet, contemplative, freedom from affairs
Term
what is gregory of nazianzus best known for?
Definition
orations, five theological orations, set forth the capadocians understanding of the trinity
Term
what is gregory of nyssa remembered most for?
Definition
philosophical theologian of the cappadocians
Term
ambrose was best known for
Definition
teaching on the proper relationship between church and state- contributed to the western exposition of the trinity and moral theology
Term
in what way was ambrose involved with the roman government?
Definition
four conflicts.... achieved success because he had the populace behind him and the emporers were devoted christians
Term
what was rufinus' principal contribution?
Definition
a translator of greek works into latin- origens on first principles, pseudo-clementine recognitions, eusebius' church history, and other works
Term
jerome was most known for
Definition
writing the vulgate, as a literary man, other greek translations, bitter, vindictive
Term
augustines life dates?
Definition
354-430
Term
what are the periods of augustines life?
Definition
childhood, classical, manichean, neoplatonic, early christian, clerical
Term
semipelagianism
Definition
misnomer, had nothing to do with pelagius, general orthodoxy of eastern thought on the trinity-
Term
who most fiercely opposed pelagius?
Definition
augustine
Term
why did augustine find fault with pelagians theology?
Definition
placed emphasis on human perfectionism instead of divine grace.
Term
augustines problems?
Definition
his identification of sexuality with the fall,
objectification of grace, closely tied with sacraments
emphasis on individual election
Term
why did augustine clash with donatists?
Definition
stood midway between the early view that all christians are saints and the later view pioneered by augustine that the holiness of the church is in its sacraments.
Term
what are some of augustines most famous works?
Definition
city of god, confessions, on the trinity, on the good of marraige, on catechiizing the uninstructed, on christian teaching
Term
what characterized augustines neoplatonic period?
Definition
brief period of skepticism, when manichaesim beliefs began to crumble. he was a professor of rhetoric, jis companion,
Term
how did judaism contribute to monasticism?
Definition
in the first century judaism included some ascetic strands.- esenes
Term
how did pagan culture contribute to monasticism?
Definition
disciplined life, gnositics, denied the world
Term
how did eastern contribute to monasticism?
Definition
manicheans provided precedents of celibate communities
Term
how did the new testament contribute to monasticism?
Definition
jesus' sayings, go sell your possessions and give to the poor
Term
how did christianity contribute to monasticism?
Definition
asceticism
Term
what were the three forms of monasticism in egypt?
Definition
the hermit life
cenobitic or communal
an intermediate form, loosly organized group of small settlements
Term
what were some common motifs in monasticism?
Definition
military
matyr
demonic
angelic
gnostic
philosophic
baptismal
eschatological
Term
who were some of the early leaders of monasticism?
Definition
athanasius
basil of caesarea
jerome
augstine
Term
what was anthonys basic motif?
Definition
hermit- the imitation of God
Term
what kind of monk was basil?
Definition
communcal based on love
Term
what kind of monk was jerome?
Definition
monastery, encouraged women
Term
augustine
Definition
monastic life with pastoral duties
Term
which periods provided significant periods in christian missions?
Definition
fourth and fifth
Term
what were some countries evangelized during the fourth and fifth centuries?
Definition
syria, persia, armenia, georgia, ethopia,
Term
who sought to reverse the tide of constantines policies?
Definition
julian
Term
what kind of effect did christianity have on the roman empire?
Definition
to mostly in the legislation of the christian emperors, concubines not allowed, hard to get divorced,
Term
what were some negative factors that christianity had in the late empire?
Definition
christian empires inherited totalitarian regime, many christians in army, discipline relaxed as numbers of christians increased,
Term
what were pious practices that grew during the fourth century?
Definition
marryrdom, asceticism, journeys to holy land
Term
from what culture was the midevil civilization built up from?
Definition
the roman empire
Term
when did the middle ages begin?
Definition
the fall of rome, anywhere from 330-754
Term
what were some factors that went into the decline of ancient civilization?
Definition
political- decline of the role of the cities, weakening of government by civil wards and military emperors

economic- failure of industry

christianity- turning attention to another world and draining best minds

biological- form of racial degeneration

military- constant wars on the frontiers so roman civilization was murdered

social- higher classes, overwhelmed by illiterate mass
Term
what was the christian literary response to the barbarian invasions?
Definition
augustine- seven books against pagans
salvian on the divine government
jerome- interpreted fourth kingdom of daniel as rome
Term
what were the effects of the barbarian invasions on society?
Definition
old roman and new germanic peoples were divided by language, customs, legal systems, and laws.
Term
effects of barbarian invasions on the church?
Definition
church took over many public services, like education. monasteries were bound to agricultual economy and profited by prominence of local powers.
Term
leo the great dates?
Definition
440-61
Term
who was leo the great?
Definition
the first pope- combined the themes of authorit over councils, authority over emperors, and successor of peter in constructing his theory of papacy
Term
who was gelasius?
Definition
developed religio political theory of leo, viewpoint of the superiority of priests over king
Term
when was the roman catholic golden age?
Definition
3rd century
Term
how many words did augustine write?
Definition
5 million
Term
why is agustine important?
Definition
hes hailed as father of spiritual autobiography
insight of psychologist.journalist
reports on childhood
first modern man- knowledge of the subject is necessar before you can produce knowledge on the subject
Term
where did jerome and augustine disagree?
Definition
paul and peter are pretending to disagree in galatians
Term
luther followed which church fathers thinking?
Definition
augustine
Term
augustine had disgust over what translation?
Definition
poor latin translation
Term
when did augustine give his first sermon?
Definition
march 15 391
Term
who played the trick on basil, getting him to become a pastor?
Definition
john chrysostom
Term
when was john of chrysostom a bishop?
Definition
298-404
Term
who was responsible for john of chrysostoms death?
Definition
fudoxia
Term
where was john of chrysostom a byshop?
Definition
constantinople
Term
alexandrian school was
Definition
a legitimate school - most famous in antiquity
Term
what is the topic that every greek talked about?
Definition
homer
Term
antiochene school?
Definition
wasnt even a school- known for literal reading of text
Term
why did diadoras start the antiochene school?
Definition
to balance to origens allegorical interpretation
Term
where was tertullian a bishop?
Definition
carthage
Term
who was the first christian author to write in latin?
Definition
tertullian
Term
clemente was open to
Definition
philosiphy
Term
tertullian was against
Definition
culture, he was a puritan
Term
what kind of education did clement of alexandria have?
Definition
philosophically oriented education
Term
what happened to origen at the council of orange?
Definition
convicted a heretic
Term
which council represented the universal church?
Definition
nicea
Term
who composed the vulgate?
Definition
jerome
Term
what did the anomeans believe about the trinity?
Definition
the son was unlike the father
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