Who: John Locke

What: English Philosopher 

Where: England

When: 1632-1704

Significance:  Believed that the purpose of the government was to protect private property, life and liberty and property.

Pietism

-Influential religious reform movement.

-Began among German Lutherans in the 17th century.

-It emphasized personal faith over the Lutheran Church's percieved stress on doctrine and theology over christian living.

-Scottish philosopher and political economist 

-Best known as the author of the Inquiry of Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.

-known as  the father of modern economics and capitalism

-Key figure of scottish enlightment

-English philosopher, scientist and historian

-Thought that there was no conflict between reason and scripture

-He believed that reinterpretation was important in acommadating what was know n by reason.

-Challenged Christian orthodoxy

-Saw government's primary function was to ensure collective security

Social Contract Theory

This is the belief that the state only exists to serve the will of the people, and they are the source of all political power enjoyed by the state. They can choose to give or withhold this power.

-French Philosopher

-French Enlightment Writer

-To Voltaire, freedom of speech and equality were necessary to any society. He fought for humane treatment for prisoners since he was constantly thrown in jail for his beliefs. Many of Voltairee's beliefs ended up in our Constitution. There is a connection between Voltair and Jefferson. When you find that out you can see even more how his writing and teachings were influential building blocks of our Constitution and Bill of Rights.

-was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, combining to become the United States of America. They first rejected the authority of the Parliament of Great Britain to govern them from overseas without representation, and then expelled all royal officials. By 1774 each colony had established a Provincial Congress, or an equivalent governmental institution, to govern itself, but still within the empire. 

The "Age of Discovery" was the period of exploration in the mid-fifteenth century & ending in the mid-seventeenth century. During the Age of Discovery, European adventurers explored North America."God, Gold, and Glory" essentially describes the motivations of various European explorers.

God- Many of the early European explorers came to North America as missionaries, to convert the indigenous population.

Glory-Tied in with gold in many ways, this was both personal glory and glory for ones own country. There was a lot of prestige associated with founding a new settlement or discovering a new natural resource and so many of the explorers sought to 'out-glory' one another and become the most well-known.

Gold-Tied in with gold in many ways, this was both personal glory and glory for ones own country. There was a lot of prestige associated with founding a new settlement or discovering a new natural resource and so many of the explorers sought to 'out-glory' one another and become the most well-known.

William Wilberforce

-British politician and philanthropist from 1787.

- Was prominent in the struggle to abolish the slave trade and then to abolish in British overseas possessions.

-Wilberforce was convinced of the importance of religion, morality and education

                 The French Revolution

-1787-89

-took place in France

-The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of radical social and political upheaval in French and European history. The absolute monarchy that had ruledFrance for centuries collapsed in three years. French society underwent an epic transformation as feudal, aristocratic and religious privileges evaporated under a sustained assault from left-wing political groups and the masses on the streets. Old ideas about hierarchy and tradition succumbed to new Enlightenment principles of citizenship and inalienable rights.

-Born in England

-English writer and passionate advocate of educational and social equality of women.

-18th century british writer and philosopher.

-The Puritans were a significant grouping of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries. Puritanism in this sense was founded by someMarian exiles from the clergy shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1558, as an activist movement within the Church of England.    

-     The Puritans were a group of people who grew discontent in the Church of England and worked towards religious, moral and societal reforms. The writings and ideas of John Calvin, a leader in the Reformation, gave rise to Protestantism and were pivotal to the Christian revolt. They contended that The Church of England had become a product of political struggles and man-made doctrines. The Puritans were one branch of dissenters who decided that the Church of England was beyond reform. Escaping persecution from church leadership and the King, they came to America.                                                    

                  Predestination and Election (calvinism)

-Enlightment values

  *democracy

  *Popular sovereignty

  * Liberty, equality and fraternity

  * Individual rights

-The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, is the overthrow of King James II of England

-King James's policies of religious tolerance after 1685 met with increasing opposition by leading political circles who were troubled by the King's Catholicism and his close ties with France.

-After the accession of James II in 1685, his overt Roman Catholicism alienated the majority of the population.

-was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of 18th-century Romanticism. His political philosophy influenced the French Revolution as well as the overall development of modern political, sociological and educational thought.

-In this work, Rousseau argues that the progression of the sciences and arts has caused the corruption of virtue and morality.

-human beings are basically good by nature, but were corrupted by the complex historical events that resulted in present day civil society.

- is a theory of knowledge that asserts that knowledge comes only or primarily via sensory experience.

-empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory perception, in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or traditions

- the doctrine that knowledge comes from experience

FBI- Francis Bacon Inducting reasoning

- Thought that you should look at particular data in order to come to a conclusion.

-first of all he separated science and religion

and secondly, he developed "scientific method" as the means to go from hypothesis to experiment to conclusions

-Father of the scientific method- a method of inquiry must be based on gathering empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning.

-French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and catholic philosopher 

-1623-1662

-Pascal was most famous for Pascal's triangle. 

He also invented the 1st mechanical calculator. 
The Pascal's Triangle is a pattern where you add the adjacent numbers from the previous line.