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What is the most common cause of both MS and AS? |
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What is the Gold Standard of evaluation of MS using doppler? |
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AS and AI are frequently secondary to what? |
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1.Thickened leaflets in the case of calcified as (elderly patients). 2.Reduced motion of leaflets. 3.Doming of leaflets on systole (non-calcified aortic stenosis) as seen from the long axis. 4.Calcified AS disease often appears on short axis as slit like off center orifice 5.Quantitation of the severity of AS is difficult on 2-D alone. |
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diastolic fluttering of the mitral valve |
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-Similar to MS, posterior leaflet moves forward with anterior leaflet -Reduced E-F slope |
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