Term
non-tender
macular
discoloration on the finger |
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Definition
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Term
| classic anginal pain lasts for less than? |
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Definition
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Term
| MI pain may not respond to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ocasionally, chest pain due to esophagitis may respond to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chest pain of several days duration is most likely not due to what? |
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Definition
| myocardial ischemia or infarction |
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Term
| Examples of radiating pain include? |
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Definition
–To the left arm, side of the neck, or a dull toothache in MI
–Between the shoulder blades in aortic dissection
–To right shoulder for gall bladder conditions or diaphragmatic irritation (Kehr’s sign) |
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Term
| What are the Non-Modifiable risk factors? |
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Definition
–Age
–Gender
–Family history of atherosclerosis or heart disease |
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Term
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Definition
| new aortic valve replacement currently in end stage of approval from FDA. Will be the only heart valve that will require not Anticoagulation therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
•Excessive use leads to alcoholic cardiomyopathy
•Atrial fibrillation in binge drinking (“holiday heart”)
•Increased triglyceride levels
•Increased adipose deposition
•Increased risk of malnutrition and electrolyte imbalances |
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Term
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Definition
| Aortic aneurysm and aortic regurgitation |
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Term
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Definition
Site of auscultation (see above)
•Character (describe how it sounds: blowing, harsh, machinery-like, etc.)
•Radiation to neck, axilla, etc.
•Intensity
•Pattern
•Timing (systolic or diastolic) |
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Term
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Definition
–I: barely heard
–II: soft, but audible
–III: loud without a palpable thrill
–IV: loud with a palpable thrill
–V: loud even with stethoscope barely on chest wall
–VI: loud; audible with stethoscope off chest wall |
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Term
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Definition
–Crescendo: increases in intensity
–Decrescendo: decreases in intensity
–Plateau: even intensity throughout murmur |
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Term
Greater than 10mmHg drop in systolic blood pressure during inspiration?
Pulsus Paradoxus |
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Definition
| Cardiac Tamponade(Severe Asthma may cause this too) |
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Term
| peripheral pitting edema scale |
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Definition
»1+ = slight pitting, no visible distortion
»2+ = somewhat deeper pit than 1+, but little or no detectable distortion; disappearance in 10-15 seconds
»3+ = pit is noticeably deep; the dependent extremity looks fuller and swollen
»4+ = the pit is very deep and lasts for up to 3-5 minutes; gross distortion of the dependent leg |
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Term
| pulse classification scale |
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Definition
•0 = no palpable pulse
•1+ = weak, barely palpable
•2+ = normal, as expected
•3+ = strong, fuller than expected
•4+ = very strong, bounding |
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Term
•What worsens the symptoms
•What reduces the symptoms |
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Definition
| Aggravating or alleviating characteristics |
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Term
| Have the pt describe what they are feeling |
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Definition
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Term
| Sharp, Stabbing pain in the chest may be due to what? |
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Definition
| pleuritic conditions or pericarditis |
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Term
| A tearing sensation in the chest may be associated with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| A burning sensation or pain that radiates to between the shoulder blades may indicate what? |
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Definition
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Term
| A crushing or squeezing sensation in the chest may be an indication of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of radiation may the patient have with an MI? |
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Definition
| Pain radiating to the left arm, side of the neck or a dull toothache |
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Term
| Pain that radiates to the right shoulder may indicate what? |
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Definition
| Gall bladder conditions or diaphragmatic irritation (Kehr's sign) |
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Term
| Is there a particular time of day or circumstance when the symptoms come on? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the pain go anywhere? |
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Definition
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Term
| Establishes a baseline as a means of evaluating effects of medications or other therapies |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some modifiable risk factors? |
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Definition
–Sedentary lifestyle
–Obesity
–Tobacco or other stimulant use
–Hypertension
–Hyperlipidemia (low HDL, high LDL and triglycerides)
–Diabetes mellitus
–Stress and personality type
–Estrogen deficiency (post-menopausal or post-hysterectomy) |
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Term
| Excessive alcohol use leads to what condition? |
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Definition
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Term
| Atrial fibrillation caused from binge drinking is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can alcohol use cause? |
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Definition
•Increased triglyceride levels
•Increased adipose deposition
•Increased risk of malnutrition and electrolyte imbalances |
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Term
| Job and level of stress? How long have they been in this position? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
difficulty breathing when lying flat
(usually a sign of heart failure) |
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Term
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Definition
| indicates angina, a person pressing a closed fist to their chest to indicate constricting |
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Term
| associated with nutritional and electrolyte imbalances, cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the vital signs? |
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Definition
•Heart rate, rhythm, and quality
•Blood pressure
•Respiratory rate, rhythm, and quality
•Temperature
•Pulse oximeter
•Pain scale |
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Term
| When delivering oxygen to an unconscious patient what FIO2 % should you use? |
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Definition
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Term
| During which step of you unconscious patient exam will you get labs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pectus excavatum (pigeon chest) common in what type of disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Exaggerated pulsation of a part of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| Barrel chest is common in what type of disease? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Reproducible chest pain with palpation usually indicates |
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Definition
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Term
| Apical pulse shifting towards the axilla (towards the left) indicates what? |
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Definition
| possible left ventricular hypertrophy |
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Term
| Apical pulse shifting towards the sternum (towards the right) indicates what? |
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Definition
| right ventricular hypertrophy |
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Term
| Best for hearing S1, S3, and S4 sounds |
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Definition
mitral area
(Apical area at 5th intercostal space along the mid- clavicular area) |
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Term
| When listening to the heart an opening snap indicates what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When listening to the heart a mid-systolic click indicates what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When listening to the heart hearing friction rubs indicates what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When listening to the heart hearing muffled heart sounds indicates what? |
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Definition
| pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade |
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Term
| Heart sound that is due to rapid filling of the ventricles. |
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Definition
S3
–May be normal in children, young adults, athletes, and in pregnancy
–Pathologic causes:
»MR or TR
»LV failure
»Dilated cardiomyopathy
»AMI
»Constrictive pericarditis (called a “pericardial knock”) |
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Term
| Heart sound that is due to the contraction of atria against stiff ventricle. |
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Definition
S4
–May be normal in older patients and in athletes
–Pathologic causes:
»HTN (systemic and pulmonary)
»PS of AS
»AMI
»Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
»Heart blocks (prolonged PRI) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What may pulmonary edema present with upon auscultation of the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What may congestive heart failure or asthma present with upon auscultation of the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What may pneumothorax, pleural effusion or sever atelectasis present with upon auscultation of the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| How should you examine the neck? |
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Definition
•Auscultate carotid arteries for bruits
•Inspect jugular veins for distention
•Patient’s HOB at 45-degrees
•Observe for symmetry / amount of distention |
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Term
| What are the causes of jugular vein distention? |
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Definition
–Unilateral: localized abnormality
–Ventricular failure
–Cardiac tamponade
–Constrictive pericarditis
–Tension pneumothorax
–Volume overload
–Tricuspid valve disease
–Pulmonic stenosis
–Pulmonary hypertension
–Superior vena cava obstruction |
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Term
| Hepatomegaly may indicate what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Splenomegaly may indicate what? |
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Definition
| infective endocarditis, congestive heart failure |
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Term
| Renal artery stenosis is a common cause of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some signs of endocarditis? (Hands) |
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Definition
| Osler's nodes, Janeway lesions and Splinter hemorrhages under the nails |
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Term
| Clubbing of the digits indicates what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some signs of venous stasis? |
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Definition
| varicose veins or "stasis" ulcers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Normal value for Potassium |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Normal value for Magnesium |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal value for Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal value for Creatinine |
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Definition
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Term
Describe which lab values go where
| | /
| | \ |
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Definition
Na+| Cl- | BUN /Glucose
K+ | HCO3- |creatinine\ |
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Term
Describe which blood lab value goes where.
\__________/
/ \ |
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Definition
WBC \ Hemoglobin / Platelets
/ Hematocrit \ |
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Term
| Normal value for Troponin I |
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Definition
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Term
| Noram range for Creatine Kinase MB |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal range for Prothrombin Time |
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Definition
11 - 15 seconds
--panic level:greater than 30 seconds |
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Term
| Normal range for Partial Thromboplastin Time, Activated |
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Definition
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