Term
| what is the number one cause of death in the US |
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Definition
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Term
| what has enabled us to make some progress with some cardiovascular disease |
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Definition
| technology: EKG to determine if you're having a heart attack, CT scan to see ischemic areas of heart, blood tests to tell if you're having a heart attack; treatments like bypasses, stints, balloons of coronary arteries; ventricular assist pumps; drugs - blood thinners |
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Term
| have we made as much progress in pulmonary disease as in cardiovascular disease |
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Definition
| no, but lung disease isn't as common |
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|
Term
| what are 3 non-modifiable CV risk factors |
|
Definition
| family history, age, gender |
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|
Term
| what are 6 modifiable CV risk factors |
|
Definition
| smoking, diabetes, lipids, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, blood pressure |
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|
Term
| when is family history a risk factor for CV disease |
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Definition
| CAD/MI in first generation relative |
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Term
| what defines a first generation relative |
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Definition
| parent or sibling if female <65 or male <55 |
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Term
| what is the age of 82% of people who die from MI |
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Definition
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Term
| are older men or older women more likely to die within a few weeks of the event |
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Definition
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Term
| why are women more likely to die of MI than men |
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Definition
| women are older, they live alone, their support systems aren't as good as mens' |
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|
Term
| what is the number one killer of women |
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Definition
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Term
| are men or women more likely to have an MI |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is the fastest gorwing smoking population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are risk factors for smoking |
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Definition
| did not complete high school, poverty, race = american indian, male |
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|
Term
| what state has the highest smoking rate |
|
Definition
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Term
| what patients should be encouraged to quit smoking |
|
Definition
| all patients who smoke should be encouraged to quit smoking |
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|
Term
| what are the 5 A's of smoking cessation |
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Definition
| Ask if smoking. Advise to quit. Assess willingness to quit. Assist with quitting. Arrange follow-up. |
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Term
| what are the 5 R's of motivating a patient to quit smoking |
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Definition
| Relevance to the medical condition. Risks of smoking. Rewards of quitting. Road blocks to quitting. Repetition of reasons to quit. |
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|
Term
| what happens 20 minutes after you quit smoking |
|
Definition
| resting and exercise heart rate drops |
|
|
Term
| what happens 12 hrs after you quit smoking |
|
Definition
| carbon monoxide level in the blood drops to normal |
|
|
Term
| why is it bad to have carbon monoxide in the blood |
|
Definition
| carbon monoxide bonds with red blood cells. Red blood cells then carry carbon monoxide instead of oxygen. |
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|
Term
| what happens 2 weeks - 3 months after you quit smoking |
|
Definition
| risk of MI begins to drop and lung function begins to improve |
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|
Term
| what happens 1-9 months after you quit smoking |
|
Definition
| coughing and shortness of breath decrease |
|
|
Term
| what happens one year after you quit smoking |
|
Definition
| risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker |
|
|
Term
| what happens 5-15 years after you quit smoking |
|
Definition
| stroke risk is reduced to that of a nonsmoker |
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|
Term
| what happens 10 years after you quit smoking |
|
Definition
| lung cancer death rate is reduced to about half that of a nonsmoker, risk of cancers of mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas decreases |
|
|
Term
| what happens 15 years after you stop smoking |
|
Definition
| risk of coronary heart idsease is back to that of a nonsmoker |
|
|
Term
| what is a good resource to quit smoking |
|
Definition
| NC tobacco use quitline = 1800 QUIT NOW |
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|
Term
| what is cholesterol important for in the body |
|
Definition
| cell membrane structure and enzymatic activity |
|
|
Term
| why does cholesterol increase risk for CV disease |
|
Definition
| result of cholesterol's function as fatty acid or lipid transporter |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| delivers lipids to tissues; these lipids can collect on atherosclerotic lesions in arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delivers lipids from tissues to liver |
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|
Term
| what is the primary site of lipid elimination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what HDL level is protective against heart disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exercise, cholesterol drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| saturated fats, trans fats |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the most common type of fat in the body |
|
|
Term
| what are normal values of triglycerides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what influences triglycerides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what percentage of Americans have elevated serum cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what populations have a greater prevalence of high serum cholesterol |
|
Definition
| caucasian women, african american women, caucasian men, mexican americans, african american men |
|
|
Term
| what is the ideal serum cholesterol level |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how many years of life are lost by an extremely-obese, non-smoking, 40 year old white man |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many years of life are lost by an extremely-obese, non-smoking, 40 year old white woman |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many years of life are lost by an extremely-obese, non-smoking, 40 year old black mab |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many years of life are lost by an extremely-obese, non-smoking, 40 year old black woman |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is blood pressure listed as systolic over diastolic or diastolic over systolic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a prehypertension bp |
|
Definition
| 120-139/80-89 (either the high systolic OR the high diastolic) |
|
|
Term
| what is stage 1 blood pressure |
|
Definition
| 140-159/90-99 (either the high systolic OR the high diastolic) |
|
|
Term
| what is stage 2 blood pressure |
|
Definition
| 160 or higher/100 or higher (either the high systolic OR the high diastolic) |
|
|
Term
| how to modify blood pressure |
|
Definition
| diet, exercise, quit smoking, improve depression/anxiety, reduce saturated fat, bp drugs |
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|
Term
| what is the problem with high blood pressure (what does it do)? |
|
Definition
| elevated bp causes mechanical damage to vascular endothelium and facilitates atherogenic process, causing increased thrombus and plaque formation. |
|
|
Term
| what is the silent killer |
|
Definition
| high bp. Patient feels no symptoms |
|
|
Term
| how common is high bp in america |
|
Definition
| 23% of americans have high bp |
|
|
Term
| is high bp greater in blacks or whites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is high bp greater in men or women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is high bp greater as we age |
|
Definition
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