Term
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Definition
| stenosis or obstruction of vessel lamina |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal communication between arteries and veins, congenital/acquired, prone to rupture, shift to veins can cause heart failure, surgically created for vascular access |
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Term
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Definition
| dilation of Circle of Willis, can rupture and cause fatal intacranial hemorrhage, congenital |
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Term
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Definition
| thickening and loss of elasticity, atherosclerosis most common, Monckeberg's medial calcific stenosis, small artery disease/arteriolosclerosis |
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Term
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Definition
| affects elastic aa (aorta/carotid/iliac) and medium/large vessels (coronoary/popliteal), can cause MI/stroke/aortic aneurysm/peripheral vascular disease, luminal occlusion and thrombosis of small arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth m. cells migrate to intima, mitosis, and deposition of ECM in intima, necrosis in center of cell debris/cholesterol crystals/Ca2+/foam cells |
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Term
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Definition
| lipid-filled foam cells (macrophages, form in coronary a. by age 10, same sites that develop plaques later |
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Term
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Definition
| causes premature vascular disease, due to deficiency of folate/B12 |
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Term
| Atherosclerotic infections |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Diastolic >120, renal failure, retinal hemorrhage/exudates/papilledema, increased P/Vol/R, HYPERPLASTIC ARTERIOLOSCLEROSIS |
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Term
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Definition
| increased BP >140/90, risk factor for storke/MI/aneurysm, HYALINE ARTERIOLOSCLEROSIS |
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Term
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Definition
| due to atherosclerosis/cystic medial necrosis, can be from trauma/congenital/infection, saccular (spherical) or fusiform (long segment), abdominal aortic aneurysm can be taken to surgery if >5cm |
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Term
| Syphilitic (Luetic) Aneurysm |
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Definition
| small vessels, due to tertiary syphilis, obliterative endarteritis of vasa vasorum, damgae to media/loss of elastic recoil, tree-barking due to scarring of intima, favors atherosclerosis of aortic rooth, aortic valve insufficiency causes L. ventricular regurgitation, massive L. ventricular hypertrophy (cor bovinum) |
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Term
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Definition
| dissecting hematoma, with or without aneurysm, blood-filled channel in aortic wall from blood between/along laminar planes of media, splaying between smooth m. in media, 90% of cases men 40-60yo, young people with Marfan Syndrome, DUE TO ANTECEDENT HTN, intimal tear at point of origin (within 10cm of aortic valve), rupture outside aorta is an emergency, second intimal tear causes a double-barrel aorta, excruciating pain, mimics MI, correct with surgery/antihypertensives |
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Term
| Cystic Medial Degeneration |
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Definition
| fragmentation/separation of elastic fibers, common in Marfan's syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of walls of vessels, causes fever/myalgia/malaise, immune-mediate or infectious, immunosuppression therapy is risky, may be mediated by ANCA |
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Term
| Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis |
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Definition
| most common vasculitis, large to small arteries, acute/chronic granulomatous inflammation, may affect temporal or ophthalmic arteries (blindness), nodular thickening/luminal reduction/possible thrombosis, inflammation centered on IEL, may be Tcell mediated, patchy (false neg on biopsy), increased ESR |
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Term
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Definition
| granulomatous vasculitis, affects medium to large arteries, ocular disturbances, weak pulses in upper extremities (narrowing of orifices), females <40yo, usually on aortic arch, intimal thickening/narrow lumens |
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Term
| Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) |
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Definition
| affects small to medium muscular arteries, DOES NOT AFFECT ARTERIOLES/CAPILLRIES/VENULES, renal and visceral vessels, SPARES LUNG VESSELS, transmural necrotizing inflammation, weakened walls/aneurysm, acute inflammation becomes fibrous tissue, all stages in same vessel (nonhomogynous), 30% are HepB-antigen positive, fatal if untreated (corticosteroids/cyclophosphamide) |
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Term
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Definition
| mucocutaenous lymph node syndrome, acute febrile illness <4yo, affects small/medium/large vessels, common in Japan, coronary artery vasculitis can cause aneurysms |
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Term
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Definition
| affects arterioles/capillaries/venules, all lesions same age (homogynous), necortizing glomerulonephritis/pulmonary capillaritis, transmural necrotizing inflammation, LEUKOCYTIC VASCULITIS (neutrophils/eosinophils/lymphocytes/karryorhexis), reaction to drugs/microbes, p-ANCA |
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Term
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Definition
| allergic response, eosinophilic inflammation, p-ANCA |
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Term
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Definition
| necrotizing vasculitis, nose/lungs/kidneys, affects small-medium vessels, focal necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (EC proliferation), c-ANCA, cavitating lesions in lung, pneumonia/sinusitis/renal disease |
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Term
| Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) |
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Definition
| segmental thrombitic chronic/acute inflammation, affects tibial/radial aa., males/heavy smokers, insensitivity to cold, instep claudications, abscess in thrombosis |
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Term
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Definition
| exaggerated vasoconstriction of digital arteries/arterioles, red(proximal vasodilation/white(central vasoconstriction)/blue (distal cyanosis, primary cause or secondary to a condition, exaggerated vasomotor response to cold/emotions |
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Term
| Thrombophlebitis/Phlebothrombosis |
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Definition
| venous thrombosis/inflammation, usually deep leg veins, can cause pulmonary embolism, painful white legs (phlegmasia alba dolens), Tousseau sign (paraneoplastic hypercoagubility) |
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Term
| Superior Vena Caval Syndrome |
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Definition
| neoplasm compresses SVC, lung cancer/mediastinal lymphoma, cyanosis and dilation of veins of head/neck |
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Term
| Inferior Vena Caval Syndrome |
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Definition
| renal cell carcinoma/hepatocellular carcinoma, leg edema/distended superficial abdominal vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| increased intraluminal pressure causes loss of vessel wall support, usually in superficial veins of upper/lower extremities, common in >50/women/obese |
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Term
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Definition
| can cause massive hemorrhage, hematemesis, due to portal hypotension |
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Term
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Definition
| distention of hemorrhoidal plexus, due to multiple pregancies/straining during stool |
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Term
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Definition
| bacterial infection spreads to lymphatics, red streaks, painful enlarged nodes, obstructive lymphedema |
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Term
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Definition
| simple/congenital, Familial/Malroy Disease, Lymphadema Praecox (females 10-25yo), breast cancer dermal lymphatics (peau d' orange) |
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Term
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Definition
| benign blood vessels, monolayer of normal ECs, well-circumscribed, lots of capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| pyogenic granuloma (above mucosa/skin), glomus tumor (painful, under fingernails), vWF/CD31 positive |
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Term
| Bacillary Angiomatosis (BA) |
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Definition
| in immunocompromised patients, Cat Scratch Fever (Bartonella henselae), Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana), capillaries with protuberant epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| due to HHV-8, red to purple skin nodules (classic European form), transplant/AIDS-associated, large coalescing purple legions, spindle cells |
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Term
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Definition
| intermediate aggressiveness between angioma and angiosarcoma |
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Term
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Definition
| extremely rare, due to arsenic/thorotrast/PVC, lymphangiosarcoma after mastectomy |
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Term
| Bilateral Caratoid Occlusion (BCO) |
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Definition
| causes inability for carotid sinus to measure BP, thinks "too low" and kicks up sympathetic tone, increased BP |
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Term
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Definition
| HTN, smoking, BMI>30, inactivity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, microalbuminuria, GFR <60ml/min, Age (>55men >65women), family history of CV disease |
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Term
| Target organ damage to heart |
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Definition
| LVH (6-9mo, S4 murmur, lateral shift of PMI), angina, prior coronary revascularization, heart failure |
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Term
| Target organ damage to brain |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| chronic kidney disease, peripheral arterial disease, retinopathy, GFR/metabolic syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| sleep apnea, drugs, chronic kidney disease, primary aldosteronism, renovascular disease, chronic steroids/Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma, coarctation of arota, thryoid/parathyroid disease |
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Term
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Definition
| thickening of walls of muscular arteries, may cause HTN |
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