One way to store cultures

Test tube on a slant

Lasts up to a year

The way bacteria divide

The membrane pinches like a belt or a PG wall comes across the middle of the cell

Creates to genetically identical daughter cells

Sticky material where bacteria grow

A structured community of microorganisms encapsulated within a self-developed polymeric matrix and adherent to a living or inert surface

An organism that is descended from and genetically identical to a single common ancestor

Has to do with streak plates

Specially designed medium that allows one organism to grow better than others in a mixed culture

Used to isolate one particular species of organism from a mixed sample

One method to store pure cultures

> than one year

In >10% glycerol at -70°C (helps reduce damage caused by multiple freezing)

Stored in tiny tubes, but can hold a lot of bacteria

Monomers for each of the biomacromolecules (AA, NA, FA) and vitamins

Some bacteria make their own (phototrophs)

Other bacteria must have them provided (auxotrophs)

When the culture is freeze dried and stored as a powder at room temperature.

Need a fridge below -70ºC

They have complex nutrition requirements

Being picky about the growth factors they want

At least one ingredient is not defined

Often contain "extrants" of various things

Commonly used to grow fastidious organisms

Often used for rapid growth

All ingredients can be listed by chemical formula and by amount

Like a recipe

When you grow all of the bacteria of a group, but you can tell them apart.

Blood agar

MacConkey's agar

Where only some of the organisms grow by preventing the growth of some organisms

Salt Agars

Antibiotic Agars (MTM)

Group of bacteria that grow best between 10-15ºC, relatively low temps

Minimum: Below 0ºC

Maximum: Below 20ºC

Bacteria that grow at low temp, but prefer moderate temp

Optimum: 15-30ºC

Min: 0ºC

Max: Above 35ºC (25ºC?)

Most bacteria especially those living in association with warm-blooded animals

Optimum: 30-40ºC

Min: 10-15ºC

Max: Below 45ºC

Among all thermophiles is wide variation in optimum and maximum temp

Optimum: 50-85ºC

Min: 45ºC

Max: Above 100ºC

Bacteria that group at extremely high temps; optimum often above boiling

Optimum: 90-110ºC

Min: 85ºC

Max: 110-121ºC

Used to see if the bacterium needs oxygen or not

When you go and shake air in the tube with the agar solution so that there is a concentration difference in the tube (higher at the top and less toward the bottom)

Also use fluid thioglycollate medium

Used to see if the bacterium needs oxygen or not

When you go and shake air in the tube with the agar solution so that there is a concentration difference in the tube (higher at the top and less toward the bottom)

Also use shake tube

When the bacteria go to the top of the solution in shake tube

Respiratory Metabolism

Need oxygen

Have enzymes that can detoxify oxygen:

Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase

When the bacteria go to the bottom of the solution in shake tube

Fermentation Metabolism

Don't need oxygen

Don't have enzymes that can detoxify oxygen:

No Catalase or Superoxide Dismutase

When the bacteria are evenly distributed throughout the solution in shake tube

Fermentation or Respiratory Metabolism

Can live with oxygen

Have enzymes that can detoxify oxygen:

Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase 

When the bacteria almost go to the top of the solution in shake tube

Respiratory Metabolism

Need oxygen

Don't have a lot of the enzymes that can detoxify oxygen:

Small Amounts of Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase 

Only need 1-2% concentration of oxygen

When the bacteria are evenly distributed throughout the solution in shake tube

Fermentation Metabolism

Don't need oxygen

They can learn to tolerate the oxygen, but it doesn't help them grow:

 Superoxide Dismutase

(Have enzymes that can detoxify oxygen?) 

One of the enzymes that protects from the toxic effect of oxygen

Catalyzes this reaction:

2H₂O₂ --> 2H₂O + O₂

One of the enzymes that detoxifies oxygen

2O_2^- + 2H⁺ --> O₂ + H₂O₂

 Bacteria that prefer acidic environments

pH: 1-4.5 

Bacteria that prefer neutral environments

pH: 5.5 - 8.5

Bacteria that prefer a basic environment

pH: 7.5 - 11.5

The measure of the osmoles of solute per liter of solution

One of the categories that divides certain bacteria

Bacteria that can survive in extremely salt concentrated environments

They absorb the salt by binding to protein surface charges (charged AA's)

Solutes that bacteria produce when in hypertonic solution protecting themselves from water flowing out of the cell causing plasmolysis

Proline and Trehalose

Organism cannot synthesize a particular essential organic compound required for its growth

Mutant of prototroph

Nutritionally fastidious

A microorganism that has the ability to synthesize all of its amino acids, nucleic acids, vitamins, and other cellular constituents from inorganic nutrients.

Organism that gets its carbon from CO₂ (occasionally CO)

Make carbon from CO₂