Term
|
Definition
| What we know today as the beginning of classical medicine in Greece. Surprisingly, it shared many similarities with Chinese medicine (particularly the mawangdui manuscripts but also the yellow emperor’s classic of medicine). It talked about the body in general terms, had bloodletting but did not refer to it to cure every ailment like galen’s work, no pulse diagnosis. Bloodletting points were topological (i.e. not based on humors theory), would help cure different ailments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pre-classical, similar to Hippocratic corpus, tomb texts from 200 BCE which talk about 11 conduits (precluded the mo), talks about moxibustion but not mo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lived between 129-200 AD (500 years after Hippocrates), new ideas on greek medicine revolutionized it and took it out of the transitional period from preclassical medicine. He did four things:
a. pulse diagnosis – connection to muscular theory, amount of humors
b. birth of anatomy, dissection (alongside herophilus)
i. the layered body – divine design in the body
c. birth of muscle consciousness
d. bloodletting to remove bad humors
i. blood did not circulate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| another word for bloodletting. Started by Hippocrates and mawangdui manuscripts but revolutionized by galen, it was often either topological (and sometimes connected to acupuncture sites) or to remove bad humors (to help nature out by reliving crises), continued into the 19c, would avert plethora |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theorized that people lived in over 71 feet of human perspirations and why people in northern, alpine regions were healthier |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| guy who wrote an essay on the pulse that closely resembled the mo in china |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| discovered circulation in 18c |
|
|
Term
| 8. yellow emperors classic of medicine - huangdi neijing |
|
Definition
(200 BCE - 200 CE) - beginning of classical medicine in China
-imported western medicine in 19th century
-Similar to the Hippocratic corpus
-contributions from different medical scholars
-2 parts, 81 chapters each
-Suwen (general theory of medicine) & Lingshu (acupuncture)
Started thinking about it as an art, writing doctrines which would allow one to become skilled through their own personal experience; believed that the medicine behind the body could not be accurately described by words alone (complex and unknowable)
Things had to be experienced to be known
contained qi, qiemo, mo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
guy who measured his own intake of food and excrement of wastes to get at the insensible perspiration theory, de statica medicina
also a pioneer in quantification, pendulum to measure pulse (first time it was timed rather than compared to a doctor's pulse) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nosebleed, critical to greek idea of crisis (nosebleeds signaled salvation) critical to Hippocrates, galen, solano |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
guy who said that the pulse can predict crisis, became famous for proposing three reasons for the emphasis on epistaxis
a. influenced by epistaxis – observed over 50 cases in 2-3 months
i. equated epistaxis with greek catharsis
ii. healing power of nature |
|
|
Term
| theories of balance / cosmic harmony |
|
Definition
nature returns to the healthy state by itself, laissez-faire
a. francois quesday, Confucius, crisis
b. china: five chinese phases that you circulate through, harmony needs to be in the adjustment of the flow around this cycle, circulation should be natural, cyclical, flowing
c. Greece: tense opposition of four humors / elements which create balance, opposition of opposites |
|
|
Term
| theories of vulnerability |
|
Definition
you must work to maintain perfect health, nature works against you
a. galen, plethora theory, humors theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
four of them (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile)
a. originate in the body from food
i. some food becomes flesh and blood and helps life but most of it is harmful wastes (even Aristotle knew this)
ii. body had to conquer food to live – battle, tensions
b. had to remove residues from eating food by bloodletting, disease occurred from too much blood (plethora) or from unbalance of humors (from a bad diet) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
too much blood, results naturally from eating food, had to be removed through bloodletting
a. Chinese medicine had similar thoughts, although they advocated a natural removal of accumulates through an emptiness of lifestyle/diet that would result in fullness of vitality
b. If your body can’t get rid of food fast enough, you develop it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy flow which encompasses all of life and the earth, word has ties to air and breath as well, taken in context with the seasons / wind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| – constantly revised approach to understanding the mo (dissection was misleading), consisted of qi, mo, yang/yin, the whole theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| confucian idea, "social virtue". humaneness – being benevolent to others, ethics, being human, treating eac other as humans, defines the li |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the civilized expression of human impulse, "politeness" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the way of nature, the way to let fate take its course, image of the “river” that no one can go against, attempt to understand it was principal goal of life, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Confucian idea of a moral force that makes all humans inherently good, derives its power from heaven |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Confucian guidebook. Talks about the tao, li, ren, wuwei, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| baby symbol, uncarved block, the ideal, birth state where you try not to waste your precious life away by going against the tao or eating bad or by pursuing sexual endeavor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
art of living – a how-to book to cultivating your body as a being in a natural, virtual, cosmic world
a. proper techniques for sex, exercise, eating, sleep, breathing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| “wind” / idea of breath, transforming power of wind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
force which dominated the mo, comparison of different mo could tell you whether it was out of balance, supposively the greatest “qi”, complimentary and mutually embedded
a. rhythmic flow, rather than oppositional tension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
12 distinct paths in which the qi flowed (like a river), different mo told you different things about the body, not broken up into beats and rhythm but rather qualified by adjectives like slippery, rough, hard, very topological
a. precluded acupuncture
b. corresponded to the seasons, had to be in balance with them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Confucian thinker, created the treatise that all humans were inherently good, taught in parables (the baby approaching the well – everyone has the impulse to do good, the foolish man of song – natural rhythm of life directs us to do the right thing, the tale of ox mountain – nature as the potential for growth)
a. His interpretation of Confucianism becomes the mainstream orthodoxy |
|
|
Term
| francois quesnay / physiocracy |
|
Definition
| guy who was critical of bloodletting, known as the “Confucius of europe”, resonance between Confucian wuwei and laissez-faire he believed in laissez-faire everything (the rule of nature – let things take its course) also did not like trade regulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nature getting rid of toxins, catharsis, purgation
a. excrement, epistaxis, menstruation
parallels to the juglar cycle – crisis liquidation prosperity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the harnessing of natural energy through the geometric placement of objects (fengshui) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| founder of taoism, taught a way to live with nature, wrote the analects, li, ren, te, wuwei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| every 8-11 years which forecasts recession/prosperity of capitalistic financial systems (systems have crises) à cited by karl marx for advocacy of communist system which he thought would be free of this cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes in the large scale can effect the small scale – small scale (body) is dependent on the large scale order |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| money = energy = labor --> money |
|
|
Term
| ○ How could the “same” human body have been conceived so differently in different places at different times? |
|
Definition
| people know the body in different ways because they perceive it in different ways / get different parts of it. "three blind men" picture; greek thinking was influenced by "divine design" and so they dissected (herophilus) and quantified the body, they thought of it like a grand machine that was mathematical, lyrical, had reason (socratic influences), christian ideas of purging sin similar to purgations and bloodletting. in china confucian ideas taught of the law of nature, experience, the contextual body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| humans as seen as part of a cosmic system, as part of nature. clashes between the body and nature lead to disease |
|
|
Term
| why is there a history to medicine and the body? |
|
Definition
| the history of the body is not just a history of ideas, but a history of perceptions and feelings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Emerged from dissection (Herophilus) which showed that the heart pumps blood through all arteries and veins in the body
Began as many pulses, which then turned into pulse conditions
Anatomy shaped what the fingers, how the fingers felt
Compared it to music - rhythm - part of the human soul, like dancing (rhythm = form)
Pulse told doctors about the condition of the body - intensity, rhythm, speed, frequency, regularity
Rhythm changed over lifetime, series of rests and beats - diastole and systole
Analogous to movements - dancing
No pulse = death
Image of an artery expanding and contracting shapes our mindset |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How one sense of perception is often unreliable without other senses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Famous physician in China
Helped cure problems of the chi
Doctor who saw illness before it actually happens (doctor's acumen)
Patient / Doctor relationship: the importance of trust in the formation of knowledge
Story goes: Doctor diagnoses illness ahead of physical symptoms, king would not trust him |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
showed that the heart pumps blood through all arteries and veins in the body
Image of an artery expanding and contracting shapes our mindset |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inserted tortoise shells into fire and oracles observed how they cracked to foretell the future, they inscribed the prophecy on the shell in chinese |
|
|
Term
| why do we still celebrate chinese classical medicine but dismiss greek medicine? |
|
Definition
greek medicine: dramatic tension between dead, biological aspects of the body and social, experienced body
chinese medicine: experienced body/experienced world; no tension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| theorized on insensible perspiration, thought that if it didnt get out of the body the body's internal systems would be thrown off |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involunary muscular exertion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
daoist work of the 4th century BCE
An ordinary cook has to change his blade every month because he hacks open cows, but one cook (pao ding) doesn't change his blade for 19 years because he find the spaces between joints that he can cut easily
Pao ding teaches lord wenhui of effortless action - wuwei - secret of the cultivation of life and daoist philosophy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seeing through the body to the underlying (divine form) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Energies that flow through the earth like they flow through the body (flow through the mai) which can be harnessed and enhanced by geometric placement of objects (geomancy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emptyness/fullness dichotomy in chinese medicine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| confucian loyalty to one's true nature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| confucian reciprocal respect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| confucian rectification of names |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| confucian shame, outward guilt |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| confucian misconduct, opposite of jen |
|
|
