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| the study of human interaction |
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| The way of life of a certain group of people |
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small cultures within larger ones
1. The smaller the subculture the less unique treats that define it
2. Subcultures tend to follow the traits of the larger culture (just add onto) |
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Definition
a form of subculture that opposes the traits of the larger culture
ex. Hippies
1. ALL are temporary b/c:
A. Main stream cultural traits based on what WORKS (no drugs)
B. BUT, main stream culture absorbs some of the interesting traits (tie-dye) |
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Things all cultures have rules/expectations about
(COMPARE TWO CUTLURES)
food: forks US v. chopsticks china |
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Behavior society expects from its members
Consits of folkways & mores |
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Minor norms, usually not even laws
1. Enforced by society pressure, dissapear if not
2. Internalization - we do so often don't question - it's AUTOMATIC
3.Positive/Negative Reinforcemet: society rewards those who follow, punishes those who break |
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Definition
serious norms, usually laws
ex: Don't kill, steal, lie
1. Create an emotional response if broken
2. Society must respond aggresively to those who break it
3. If large #'s in a society break, society will fall apart |
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Definition
What is good/important/right/moral to an individual (freedom, friendship, family)
1. Sources?
- Parents
- Friends
- Personal experience
- society/media
- religion
- ppl share values in groups, groups treasure the values,
- change is slow b/c it tends to be generational
- people assume others share our values (democracy,Iraq) |
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Definition
USA is, North Korea is not
Good about it?
- get best traits of various cultures
Bad?
- loss of original culture traits
- possible intolerance
- ethnocentrism (my group's best, natural to humans) |
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Definition
- Examinging cultures through their own standards/traits, NOT YOURS
- This produces a bias-free approach to the study of culture |
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Definition
a REPETATIVE violation of society's NORMS, (not singular), INTENTIONAL
most ppl aren't deviant (internalized correct behavior, society punishes deviants) |
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| Postitive Functions of Deviants |
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Definition
1. Show ppl the rule, and what happens if they break it!
2. Gets ppl jobs (police, etc.)
3. Show problem w/ the norm - apartide
4. Source of entertainment/excietment
5. Unifys society (US against them mentality).
This is so strong it can be MADE UP and still work (Hitler, Durkheim) |
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Definition
1. Cultural transmission: learn deviance from other deviants
- most visible in early adolescence
2. Structural Strain:
- Deviance response to values of a society
STEP #1: Society creates goals for it's members (rich)
STEP #2: Not everyone has the same means/abilities to reach goal |
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Definition
a defined position in society (hat). Similar to subcultures, humans have multiple statuses
two types: assigned, achieved |
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no choice, no effort (race, gender, height)
* creates problems of ACCEPTANCE |
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Definition
you make a choice/effort to get it
(ex:good student, driver, friend) |
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Status most important to the person at the time
-Changes throughout life
- It's usually achieved, but could be either one |
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| Behavior assciated with a particular status |
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Definition
Role-reversal
Reciprocal Roles
Role Conflict
Role-strain |
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Definition
| - two people switch long-standing roles (children - aging parents) |
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You need another person to preform their roles so you can do yours
- Student - teacher
- Doctor - patient
- Friend - friend |
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Definition
performing one role interferes w/ another role
good worker v. good student
good daughter v. good friend
good friend v. good gf |
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Definition
| being unable to perform the role of a specific status (your FIRST... day of school,job, etc.) |
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Definition
- 2 or more people
- In close physical proximity
- w/ common goals/expectation
- * label/title *
- interact |
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Exactly like a group except NO interaction (elevator, in line)
* Humans like these b/c they like being anonymous, not having to interact (no expectations) |
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#1: Time: all groups are temporary, longest we can handle? tends to be family
#2: Size: up to 12-15 before it breaks into subgroups
#3: Organization: all groups have norms (sit in same spot @ lunch table)
-informal: only few loose rules (friends)
-formal: very structured (class) |
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Term
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Definition
Primary- usually small in number (have only a few of these groups), and small in size (amt of ppl in group). Most likely have 1-2 of these, 1-2 in each group.
-Knows you better than anyone
- long time to establish, lasts a long time
- by being OPEN to them you're VULNERABLE!!! dangerous
2. Secondary
-lots of them, can be big
- they only know a small side to your personality
- easy to get, don't last long |
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Term
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Definition
| Line, w/ primary& secondary groups, most ppl have lots of secondary ones |
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| Maximize secondary groups b/c: |
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Definition
1. Contacts
2. Lots of activities
3. Source of future primary groups |
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