Term
|
Definition
a subordinate group whose
members have significantly
less control or power over
their own lives than do the
members of a dominant or
majority group |
|
|
Term
| Five Characteristics of a Minority Group |
|
Definition
unequal treatment, distinguishing
physical or cultural traits, involuntary membership, awareness of subordination,
and ingroup marriage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a group that is socially set
apart because of obvious
physical differences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a group set apart
from others because
of its national origin
or distinctive cultural
patterns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the mistaken notion of a
genetically isolated human
group |
|
|
Term
| Intelligence Quotient (IQ) |
|
Definition
the ratio of a person’s
mental age (as computed
by an IQ test) to his or
her chronological age,
multiplied by 100 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a doctrine that one race is
superior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a sociohistorical process
by which racial categories
are created, inhabited,
transformed, and
destroyed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the development of
solidarity between ethnic
subgroups, as reflected
in the terms Hispanic or
Asian American |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the status of being between
two cultures at the same
time, such as the status of
Jewish immigrants in the
United States |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the systematic study of
social behavior and human
groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a structured ranking of
entire groups of people
that perpetuates unequal
rewards and power in a
society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
as defined by Max Weber,
people who share similar
levels of wealth |
|
|
Term
| Functionalist Perspective |
|
Definition
a sociological approach
emphasizing how parts of
a society are structured to
maintain its stability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an element of society that
may disrupt a social system
or decrease its stability |
|
|
Term
| Five racial beliefs from the Functionalist Perspective |
|
Definition
1. Racist ideologies provide a moral justification for maintaining a society that
routinely deprives a group of its rights and privileges.
2. Racist beliefs discourage subordinate people from attempting to question their
lowly status and performing “the dirty work”; to do so is to question the very foundation
of the society.
3. Racial ideologies not only justify existing practices but also serve as a rallying point
for social movements, as seen in the rise of the Nazi party or present-day Aryan
movements.
4. Racist myths encourage support for the existing order. Some argue that if there
were any major societal change, the subordinate group would suffer even greater
poverty, and the dominant group would suffer lower living standards.
5. Racist beliefs relieve the dominant group of the responsibility to address the
economic and educational problems faced by subordinate groups. |
|
|
Term
| Six ways in which racism is dysfunctional to a society |
|
Definition
1. A society that practices discrimination fails to use the resources of all individuals.
Discrimination limits the search for talent and leadership to the dominant group.
2. Discrimination aggravates social problems such as poverty, delinquency, and crime
and places the financial burden of alleviating these problems on the dominant group.
3. Society must invest a good deal of time and money to defend the barriers that
prevent the full participation of all members.
4. Racial prejudice and discrimination undercut goodwill and friendly diplomatic
relations between nations. They also negatively affect efforts to increase global
trade.
5. Social change is inhibited because change may assist a subordinate group.
6. Discrimination promotes disrespect for law enforcement and for the peaceful settlement of disputes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a sociological approach
that assumes that the
social structure is best
understood in terms of
conflict or tension between
competing groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
portraying the problems of
racial and ethnic minorities
as their fault rather than
recognizing society’s
responsibilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a sociological approach
introduced by Howard
Becker that attempts to
explain why certain people
are viewed as deviants and
others engaging in the
same behavior are not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unreliable, exaggerated
generalizations about all
members of a group that
do not take individual
differences into account |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the tendency to respond
to and act on the
basis of stereotypes, a
predisposition that can
lead one to validate false
definitions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a general term that
describes any transfer of
population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
leaving a country to settle
in another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
coming into a new country
as a permanent resident |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
worldwide integration
of government policies,
cultures, social movements,
and financial markets
through trade, movements
of people, and the
exchange of ideas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a foreign power’s
maintenance of political,
social, economic, and
cultural dominance over
people for an extended
period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a view of the global
economic system as
divided between nations
that control wealth and
those that provide natural
resources and labor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the deliberate, systematic
killing of an entire people
or nation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
forced deportation of
people, accompanied by
systematic violence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the physical separation of
two groups, often imposed
on a subordinate group by
the dominant group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the physical separation of
racial and ethnic groups
reappearing after a period
of relative integration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a minority and a majority
group combining to form a
new group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the process by which a
dominant group and
a subordinate group
combine through
intermarriage to form a
new group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diverse racial or ethnic
groups or both, forming
a new creation, a new
cultural entity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the process by which a
subordinate individual
or group takes on the
characteristics of the
dominant group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mutual respect between
the various groups in a
society for one another’s
cultures, allowing
minorities to express
their own culture without
experiencing prejudice or
hostility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an emphasis on the
customs of African
cultures and how they
have pervaded the history,
culture, and behavior of
Blacks in the United States
and around the world |
|
|
