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| Changes in the genetic makeup of a population over generations. |
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| The basic physical units of inheritance that specify the biological traits and characteristics of each organism. |
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| A series of adjustments of organisms to their environment. |
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| The principle of mechanism by which individuals having biological characteristics best suited to a particular environment survive and reproduce with greater frequency than individuals without those characteristics. |
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| A population or a group of populations having common attributes and the ability to interbreed and produce live, fertile offspring. Different species are reproductively isolated from one another. |
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| The subgroup of mammals that includes lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans. |
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| The broad-shouldered talless group of primates that includes all living and extinct apes and humans. |
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| "Two-footed"-walking upright on both hind legs-a characteristic of humans and their ancestors. |
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| The genus including several species of early bipeds form southern, eastern, and Central Africa (Chad) living between about 1.1 and 4.4 million years ago, one of whom was directly ancestral to humans. |
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| The first part of the Old Stone Age spanning from about 200,000 to 250,000 to 2.6 million years ago. |
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| The first stone tool industry, beginning between 2.5 and 2.6 million years ago at the start of the Lower Paleolithic. |
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| "Handy man." The first fossil members of the genus Homo appearing 2.5 to 2.6 million years ago, with larger brains and smaller fees, than australopithecines. |
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| "Upright man." A species within the genus Homo first appearing just after 2 million year ago in Africa and ultimately spreading throughout the Old World. |
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| A distance group within the genus Homo inhabiting Europe and Southwest Asia from approximately 30,000 to 125,000 years ago. |
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| Mousterian tool tradition |
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| The tool industry found among Neandertals in Europe and Southwest Asia, and their human contemporaries in Northern Africa, during the Middle Paleolithic, generally dating from about 40,00 to 125,000 years ago. |
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| The last part (10,000-40,000 years ago) of the Old Stone Age, featuring tool industries characterized by long slim blades and an explosion of creative symbolic forms. |
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| The hypothesis that modern humans originated through a process of simultaneous local transition from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens throughout the inhabited world. |
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| recent African origins hypothesis |
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Definition
| The hypothesis that all modern people are derived from one single population of archaic Homo sapiens from Africa who migrated out of Africa after 100,000 years ago, replacing all other archaic forms due to their superior cultural capabilities; also called the Eve or out of Africa hypothesis. |
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| In biology, a subgroup within a species, not scientifically applicable to humans because there exist no subspecies within modern Homo sapiens. |
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