Term
| The 4 components of culture |
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Definition
Culture is: 1. Learned
2. Shared
3. Integrated
4. Based on the capacity of
symbolic thought |
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Term
| The 4 unifying concepts of anthropology |
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Definition
1. Culture
2. Human Universalism
3. Integration (involves everything in a society
4. Adaptation (always changing) |
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Term
| How does culture act as an adaptive mechanism? |
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Definition
| Culture provides social tools of adaptation. For example, language provides a means for individuals to work together to solve problems. Sometimes, culture can provide means for maladaptation, such as the depletion of natural resources. |
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Term
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Definition
1. The body of cultural traditions that distinguish a society
2. Subcultures
3. Cultural Universals |
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Term
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Definition
| (Lewis Morgan, Edward Tylor) Cultures developed along a single trajectory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Biology does not determine culture. Individual histories are not comparable, and different paths can lead to the same result. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Bronislaw Malinowski, Alfred Radcliffe-Brown) All customs and institutions in a society are interrelated, so if one changes, the others do too. All humans have biological needs, and the function of cultural practices is to serve these needs [needs functionalism]. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Alfred Radcliffe-Brown, Edward Evans-Pritchard) The function of cultural practices is to preserve the social structure of which they are part. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Julian Steward, Leslie White) Data indicate that there are general trends in the development of human culture as a whole. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Marvin Harris) Culture is divided into: 1. Infrastructure - technology, economics, and demography 2. Structure - social relations 3. Superstructure - religion, ideology, play; Infrastructure determines Structure and Superstructure |
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Term
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Definition
| (Sherry Ortner) Examines how cultural change is brought about by agents with various motives and intentions |
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Term
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Definition
| (Eric Wolf and Sidney Mintz) Examined the inter-relatedness of culture, economics, and power relations. Often examined the integration of indigenous cultures into world systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Culture is transmitted to members of a society past, present, and future, and works to bind people by providing a common worldview and cultural history. |
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Term
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Definition
| Culture is continually created and reworked. |
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Term
| The 9 Ethnographic Techniques |
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Definition
1. Direct Observation
2. Conversations and interviewing
3. Genealogical Method
4. Working with cultural consultants
5. Collecting individual life histories
6. Discovering and understanding local beliefs
7. Problem oriented research
8. Longitudinal research
9. Team research |
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Term
| The history of Applied Anthropology |
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Definition
| First used to aid in westernization. Also used in WW2 to study German and Japanese culture at a distance. |
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Term
| The goals of modern Applied Anthropology |
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Definition
| Works to instill an appreciation for human diversity. Identifies the needs for change that local people perceive, design and implement culturally sensitive methods of change, protect local people from harmful policies and projects. |
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Term
| The 5 sub-fields of Applied Anthropology |
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Definition
1. Developmental
2. Education
3. Urban
4. Medical
5. Business |
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