Term
| What is the study of matter and its properties, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy associated with those changes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the types and amounts of simpler substances that make up matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the characteristics that give each substance its unique identity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are characteristics a substance shows by itself, without changing into or interacting with another substance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs when a substance alters its physical properties NOT its composition? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three examples of physical change? |
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Definition
| Hardness, density, ability to flow. |
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Term
| What are characteristics a substance shows as it changes into or interacts with another substance (or substances)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three examples of chemical properties? |
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Definition
| Flammability, corrosiveness, and reactivity with acids. |
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Term
| What is another term for "chemical change?" |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs when a substance (or substances) is converted into a different substance (or substances)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of change has the same substance before and after? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of change has different substances before and after? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three common physical forms of matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has a fixed shape that does not conform to the container shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are solids NOT defined by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has a varying shape that conforms to the container shape, but only to the extent of the its volume, and has an upper surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has a varying shape that conforms to the container shape, but fills the entire container and does not have an upper surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do particles lie in a solid? |
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Definition
| Next together in a three-dimensional array. |
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Term
| How do particles lie in a liquid? |
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Definition
| Close together but move randomly around each other. |
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Term
| How do particles lie in a gas? |
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Definition
| They have large distances between them and move randomly throughout the container. |
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Term
| What is defined as "the ability to do work?" |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the total energy an object possesses equal to? |
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Definition
| The sum of its potential energy and its kinetic energy. |
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Term
| What is energy due to the position of an object relative to other objects? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is energy due to the motion of an object? |
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Definition
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Term
| What situations of energy are more stable? |
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Definition
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Term
| What situations of energy are favored? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are changes in matter accompanied by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process of burning? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the approach scientists use to understand nature? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the the four parts of the scientific method? |
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Definition
| Observations, hypothesis, experiment, model. |
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Term
| What is the measure of how hot o cold one object is RELATIVE to another? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the energy that flows from an object with higher temperature to an object with the lower temperature? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three examples of extensive properties? Why are they in this category? |
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Definition
| Mass, volume, and energy. They depend on the amount of a substance. |
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Term
| What are two examples of intensive properties? Why are they in this category? |
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Definition
| Density and temperature. They do not depend on the amount of a substance. |
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Term
| What digit is always estimated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What refers to how close the measurements in a series are to each other? |
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Definition
| Precision or reproducibility. |
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Term
| What refers to how close each measurement is to the actual value? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of error is part of an experimental system, often caused by a faulty device or by a consistent mistake in taking a reading? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of error produces values that are higher AND lower than the actual value? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is comparing a measuring device with a known standard called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the simplest type of matter with unique physical and chemical properties? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cannot be broken down into simper type of matter by any physical or chemical methods? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes each element unique? |
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Definition
| The properties of its atoms. |
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Term
| What is an independent structure of two or more atoms bound together? |
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Definition
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Term
| What consists of two or more different elements that are bonded chemically? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two defining features of compounds? |
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Definition
1) The elements are present in fixed parts by mass (fixed mass ratio).
2) The properties are different from the properties of its component elements. |
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Term
| What consists of two or more substances (elements and/or compounds) that are physically intermingled? |
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Definition
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Term
| What consists of components that can vary in their parts by mass? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can be separated into its components by physical changes alone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What law states that the total mass of substances does not change during a chemical reaction? |
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Definition
| Law of Mass Conservation. |
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Term
| What law states that no matter what its source, a particular compound is composed of the same elements in the same parts (fractions) by mass? |
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Definition
| Law of Definite (or Constant) Composition. |
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Term
| What is the part of the compound's mass that each element contributes? |
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Definition
| Fraction by mass (mass fraction). |
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Term
| What is the fraction by mass expressed as a percentage (multiplied by 100)? |
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Definition
| Percent by mass (mass percent, mass %). |
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Term
| What law states that if elements A and B react to form two compounds, the different masses of B that combine with a fixed mass of A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers? |
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Definition
| Law of Multiple Proportions. |
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Term
| What are tiny indivisible particles of an element that cannot be created or destroyed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What equals the number of protons in the nucleus? |
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Definition
| An element's atomic number (Z). |
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Term
| What is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is based on an element's English, Latin, or Greek name? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are atoms that have different numbers of neutrons and therefore different mass numbers? |
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Definition
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Term
| All atoms of an element have the same ____ ____ but not the same ____ ____. |
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Definition
| Atomic number, mass number. |
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Term
| What primarily determines the chemical properties of an element? What impact does this have? |
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Definition
| The number of electrons. All isotopes of an element have nearly identical chemical behavior, even though they have different masses. |
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Term
| What is atomic mass unit (amu) based on? |
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Definition
| 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom. |
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Term
| What is the new name for amu? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a method for measuring the relative masses and abundances of atomic-scale particles very precisely? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the modern periodic table of the elements arranged? |
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Definition
| By atomic number, NOT mass. |
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Term
| What are the boxes that are arranged into horizontal rows on the periodic table called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the boxes that are arranged into vertical columns on the periodic table called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do elements in a group have similar or different chemical properties? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do elements in a period have similar or different chemical properties? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three types of elements? |
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Definition
| Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids (semimetal). |
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